All three of these dynasties had their roots in nomadic Turkish-speaking peoples of central Asia. These three Muslim empires shared similar political and cultural guidelines and traditions that their ancestors had adopted. Throughout the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries‚ these dynasties were the most dominant‚ by the eighteenth century‚ these empires had significantly weakened‚ because of their long‚ costly wars‚ domestic difficulties‚ and corrupted leadership. The Ottoman empire was one of these
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KEY POINTS: Chapter 20 Timeline 1453 – fall of Constantinople to Ottomans 1510 – Safavid conquest of Persia completed 1514 – Ottoman victory at battle of Chaldiran 1526 – Babur’s conquest of India 1701 – death of Aurangzeb‚ Mughal decline begins 1736 – Nadir Shah proclaimed sultan of Persia Terms‚ People‚ Events Ottomans – Turkic people who advanced from strongholds in Asia Minor during 1350s; conquered large part of Balkans‚ unified under Mehmed I; captured Constantinople in
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new Muslim dynasties emerged after the nomadic invasions -New flowering of Islamic civilization; Competition(political divisions+military incursions -Largest-Ottoman from N Africa to S Russia; Safavid dynasty to the E; Mughals in Delhi region of Ganges plain -3 empires combined=largest Islamic political+military power ever -All 3 depended on firearms-“gunpowder empires” • Similarities -Origins from the Turkic nomads -Religious fervor central to rise of Ottomans+Safavids
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response to the problems of international trade that they experienced in 1400? A) Western nations halted trade with Asia and the East and became more dependent on European-produced commodities. B) Many nations sought to establish alliances with the Ottoman Empire in order to restore the trade routes. C) Overland trade routes through northern Russia were established to the East. D) Western nations began explorations of alternative routes to Asia that would bypass the Middle East and Muslim realms
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Study Guide Test 1(Outline) - There are 5 key conceptual connections to understanding the material. 1. Primary Tradition; is primary because it took shape first and because it is more important and enduring than Secondary tradition. 2. Secondary Tradition; took shape after the formation of the primary tradition‚ and it is less important and enduring than the primary tradition. 3. Defining moments; refers to the period between 500 BC to 500 CE‚ when major civilizations developed their defining
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under different rulers and in different lands. The timeline that this paper will follow is: 1. Dynasty Art • Umayyad Dynasty • Abbasid Dynasty 2. Medieval Period (9th to 15th century) • Spain and the Arab Maghreb • Iran and Central Asia • Syria • South Asia 3. Empires • Ottoman Empire • Mughal Empire The Umayyad Period is considered the most influential period in Islamic Art. The dynasty was founded by Mu‘awiya I bin Abi Sufyan in 661 A.D. and was overthrown by the Abbasids in 750 A
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modern empires? All dynasties depended on effective use of firearms on the battlefield and in siege warfare. Which of the following represents a difference between the various Muslim early modern empires? The Ottoman empire was primarily Sunnite while the Safavid empire was Shi’ite. Mehmed I of the Ottoman empire was responsible for reunifying the empire following the Timurid invasions. The conqueror of the Byzantine empire in 1453 was Mehmed II. Slave troops of the Ottoman empire forcibly conscripted
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following Ottoman succession practice‚ to the eldest male of the royal family‚ with the following conditions : - The rule should be in a direct line from the elder male‚ among the sons and grandsons. Their nomination that should be made by the Sublime Porte. - If at any time fate should decide that the male line should become extinct‚ the Sublime Porte will choose the ruler of Egypt. - The daughters of the dynasty have no right to rule Egypt. Actually this firman granted the dynasty succession‚
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1750‚ three great Muslim empires arose—the Ottomans‚ the Safavids‚ and the Mughals. The Ottomans arose after the Seljuk Turkic kingdom of Rum in Eastern Anatolia collapsed‚ which occurred because of a Mongol invasion in 1243. The area fell into a chaotic period after that because the Mongols did not directly rule it. In search of riches‚ Turkic peoples‚ including the Ottomans who dominated the rest‚ flooded into the area. By the 1350s‚ the Ottomans were advancing from their Asia Minor strongholds
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Bayezid I- (r.1389-1402) Ottoman ruler who started to besiege Constantinople in 1395. The Europeans saw him as a new threat to Christendom‚ and Hungary’s king led English‚ French‚ German‚ and Balkan knights in a crusade against the Turks. He defeated them at Nicopolis‚ and moved their capital from Bursa to France. If Bayezid had not defeated the Christians‚ the Ottoman Empire might not have taken Constantinople. The armies of Timur defeated him near Ankara in 1402 where he was taken prisoner and
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