PART THREE AN AGE OF ACCELERATING CONNECTIONS 600–1500 Chapter 8: Commerce and Culture‚ 500–1500 Chapter Objectives • To consider the significance of trade in human history • To explore the interconnections created by long-distance trade in the period of third-wave civilizations • To examine the full range of what was carried along trade routes (goods‚ culture‚ disease) • To explore the differences between the commerce of the Eastern Hemisphere and that of the Western Hemisphere and the reasons
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Sati (practice) "Ceremony of Burning a Hindu Widow with the Body of her Late Husband"‚ from Pictorial History of China and India‚ 1851. Satī (Devanagari: सती‚ the feminine of sat "true"; also called suttee)[4] is a religious funeral practice among some Hindu communities in which a recentlywidowed Hindu woman either voluntarily or by use of force and coercion immolates herself on her husband’s funeral pyre.[1] The practice is rare and has been outlawed in India since 1829.[2] The
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CAUSES OF THE DOWNFALL OF MUSLIM EMPIRE The Mughal Empire reached its greatest extent in the time of Aurangzeb Alamgir‚ but it collapsed with dramatic suddenness within a few decades after his death. The Mughal Empire owes its decline and ultimate downfall to a combination of factors; firstly Aurangzeb’s religious policy is regarded as a cause for the decline of the Mughal Empire as it led to disunity among the people. Although the policy did lead to weakening of the empire but the major cause of
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Man Singh of Amber The Mughal aristocracy played a vital role in the establishment of the Mughal Empire on a firm footing. It not only contributed to the strengthening of the empire but it also helped in setting up a sound Mughal administration. Raja Man Singh of Amber was an important member of Mughal aristocracy. The history of Akbar’s reign will rather be incomplete without a detailed knowledge of the contributions of Raja Man Singh not only to expansion of the Mughal Empire but also to the enrichment
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------------------------------------------------- Mughal emperors The Mughal era is a historic period of the Mughal Empire in South Asia (mainly Northern India‚ North Eastern Pakistan and Bangladesh). It ran from the early 15th century to a point in the early 18th century The imperial family directly descended from two of the worlds greatest conquerors[citation needed]: Genghis Khan‚ founder of the largest contiguous empire in the history of the world; and the Amir‚ The Mughal Empire lasted for more than three centuries. The Mughal Empire
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FEATURES • MAIN FEATURES 3. DEFECTS OF THE MANSABDARI SYSTEM • INTRODUCTION • DEFECTS 4. ADMINISTRATIVE STRUCTURE OF THE MUGHALS IN THE DELHI SULTANATE 5. ADVANTAGES&DISADVANTAGES OF THE MANSABDARI SYSTEM INTRODUCTION Mansabdari system It was the generic term for the military -type grading of all imperial officials of the Mughal Empire. The mansabdars governed the empire and commanded its armies in the emperor’s name. Though they were usually aristocrats‚
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Shivaji’s Night attack on Shaista Khan at Pune which nullifies all the Mughal gains at one stroke (5th April 1663) It is one of the most famous exploits of Shivaji early in his career and has never been forgotten by successive generations in India. Shaista Khan‚ the maternal uncle of Emperor Aurangzeb‚ and the new Governor of Deccan‚ had made Shivaji’s position precarious by his furious offensive. He had even occupied Pune (9th May 1660). Shivaji had already lost Chakan (August 1660)‚ Kalian (May
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and annexation of Sindh and Punjab with the subsequent ban on the use of Persian. The decision to make the language change was to institute a universal language throughout then British Raj in South Asia as well as minimize the influence of Persia‚ Ottoman Empire‚ Afghanistan and Central Asia had on this transitional region. Urdu is a relatively new language in the contemporary sense but has undergone considerable modifications and development borrowing heavily on the traditions of older languages like
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New York: HarperPerennial. ^ Martín Lister‚ New media: a critical introduction. Psychology Press‚ 2003. Page 14 ^ Taylor‚ Alan (2001) ^ R. Keith Schoppa (2000). The Columbia Guide to Modern Chinese History. Columbia University Press. p. 15. ^ "Mughal Empire (1500s‚ 1600s)". bbc.co.uk. London: BBC. Section 5: Aurangzeb. Retrieved 18 October 2010. ^ Helen Miller‚ Aubrey Newman. Early modern British history‚ 1485–1760: a select bibliography‚ Historical Association‚ 1970 ^ Early Modern Period (1485-1800)
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Agra disturbed the Mughals at Kalanaur. Many Mughal Generals advised Akbar to retreat to Kabul as Mughal forces may not face Hemu’s might and new awareness among Hindus to liberate their country‚ but Bairam Khan decided in favor of war. Akbar’s army marched towards Delhi. On November 5‚ both armies met at the historic battlefield of Panipat‚ where‚ thirty years earlier‚ Akbar’s grandfather Babur had defeated Ibrahim Lodi in what is now known as the First Battle of Panipat. The Mughal forces were charged
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