(alternative spelling Noor Jahan‚ Nur Jehan‚ Nor Jahan‚ etc.) (31 May 1577–17 December 1645)‚ also known as Mehr-un-Nisaa‚ was Empress of the Mughal Empire that covered much of the Indian subcontinent. She was an aunt of Empress Mumtaz Mahal‚ Emperor Shah Jahan’s wife for whom the Taj Mahal was made. Begum Nur Jahan was the twentieth and favourite wife of Mughal Emperor Jahangir‚ who was her second husband. The story of the couple’s infatuation for each other and the relationship that abided between
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ART AND ARCHITECTURE OF DELHI SULTANATE The Sultanate period brought to India new styles of art and architecture which were soon absorbed into the existing set up. A number of factors were responsible for events to move in such a direction. The existing Indian styles and the new ideas had many common features‚ which allowed them to adapt to one another. For instance both the temple and mosque had large open courtyards. Also many temples were converted in mosques by the foreign invaders‚ and this
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mausoleum‚1 and the urban situation of the monument in the city of Agra has been almost entirely neglected. In brief form‚ this essay presents the main results of a recently completed monograph in which I address these issues.2 The Taj Mahal is the Mughals’ great contribution to world architecture‚ and‚ as the contemporary sources reveal‚ it was conceived as such from the very beginning (fig. 1). In the words of Shah Jahan’s early historian Muhammad Amin Qazwini‚ writing in the 1630s: And a dome of
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posts at Bombay‚ Madras‚ and Calcutta. At first‚ India’s ruling Mughal Dynasty kept European traders under control. By 1707‚ however‚ the Mughal Empire was collapsing. Body: Akbar and succeeding Mughal emperors established a politically and economically stable state by relying on regional leaders to collect revenue and govern. Local nobles‚ agreed to supply taxes and military support to the Mughal rulers in return for a the right to control the revenue of a
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Urban Morphology of Dhaka City: Spatial Dynamics of Growing City and the Urban Core Prof. Dr. Farida Nilufar Department of Architecture‚ Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology (BUET) Email: faridanilufar@yahoo.com [Paper presented on the International Seminar on The History‚ Heritage and Urban Issues of Capital Dhaka‚ on the occasion of the Celebration of 400 years of the Capital Dhaka‚ Organized by the Asiatic Society of Bangladesh‚ 17-19 February 2010. Accepted for Publication
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which symbolises eternal love. But I have not seen a more beautiful place than the Mughal Gardens at Rashtrapati Bhawan in New Delhi. The Mughal Gardens at the Rashtrapati Bhawan were laid out by the British and are a replica of the Nishat or Shalimar gardens in Srinagar. The gardens are opened to the public in the month of February only. They are called Mughal Gardens because they were designed after the Mughal style. It was the month of February. I was sitting with my friends in my drawing
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There exist three basic components of traditional Islamic art: calligraphy‚ geometric patterns‚ and floral and vegetal motifs. These three stylistic tools are beautifully rendered and masterfully integrated into complex works of art‚ but there is no question that artistic expression is severely limited under these categorizations. However‚ this limitation stems from Islamic theology and concept of art. The main reason for the limitation imposed on visual art is the Islamic theological prohibition
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The history of India begins with evidence of human activity of Homo sapiens‚ as long as 75‚000 years ago‚ or with earlier hominids including Homo erectusfrom about 500‚000 years ago.[1] The Indus Valley Civilisation‚ which spread and flourished in the northwestern part of the Indian subcontinent from c. 3300 to 1300 BCE in present-day Pakistan and northwest India‚ was the first major civilisation in South Asia.[2] A sophisticated and technologically advanced urban culture developed in the Mature
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THE MUGHAL PERIOD 1526 Babur lays foundation of Mughal Empire; wins First Battle of Panipat. 1556-1605 Akbar expands and reforms the empire; Mughals win Second Battle of Panipat. 1605-27 Reign of Jahangir; in 1612 East India Company opens first trading post (factory). 1628-58 Reign of Shah Jahan. 1658-1707 Reign of Aurangzeb‚ last great Mughal ruler. 1707-1858 Lesser emperors; decline of the Mughal Empire. BRITISH PERIOD 1757 Battle of Plassey--British victory over Mughal forces
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Most would agree that Aurangzeb was incredibly brave‚ a fine general‚ a good administrator and a generous ruler. He was also extremely devout and lived a simple‚ pure life‚ unlike many of his nobles. Aurangzeb inherited a court which‚ for over 50 years‚ had been the centre of wealth and luxury. Many nobles had forgotten Islamic principals in their search for pleasure and no longer wished to participate in the often harsh military campaigns. Aurangzeb decided that the state must return to the more
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