The theory draws on the ethological theory and Lorenz’s (1935) study of imprinting. The theory claims that attachment behaviours are affected by conditions like separation‚ insecurity and fear. These attachment behaviours stimulate care from adults. This main attachment forms the prototype for all future social relationships. Bowlby claimed that attachment was universal but Ainsworth found that there were individual differences in attachment based on the primary paradigms
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attraction‚ attachment styles‚ and dating development JSPR Journal of Social and Personal Relationships 30(3) 301–319 ª The Author(s) 2012 Reprints and permissions: sagepub.co.uk/journalsPermissions.nav DOI: 10.1177/0265407512456673 spr.sagepub.com Franklin O. Poulsen Thomas B. Holman Dean M. Busby Jason S. Carroll Brigham Young University‚ USA Abstract We test theoretical arguments developed by Hazan and Diamond (2000) suggesting that attachment theory presents a more parsimonious theory of mate
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Outline and evaluate restoration theory as an explanation of the function of sleep (8+16 marks) Sleep is believed to function as a means of restoring the biological system to a better working order this is the basis of the restoration theory‚ Sleep is divided into several different stages such as SWS‚ and REM sleep‚ Oswald proposed that each of these sleep stages has a different restorative function. SWS enables the body to repair itself and REM enables brain recovery and memory consolidation
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Attachment Theory Bowlby’s description for attachment theory as a means for significant affectionate attachment bonds‚ created between people‚ where many types of emotional distress and personal diagnoses can be formed when this bond is lacking and/or separation is present or loss occurs (Berry & Danquah‚ 2015; Bowlby‚ 1977). This significance is developed from infancy between infants and their primary caregivers. This time period and proper attachment is pivotal in the development of a person’s
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Outline and evaluate the social learning theory as an explanation of aggression (24) According to the social learning theory there are multiple ways of learning behaviours‚ such as aggression. One way of learning behaviours is through observation and some psychologists have claimed children primarily learn aggressive behaviours observing role models (someone who is similar to the child or in a position of power‚ of who the child can copy behaviour from). For example‚ children may learn aggression
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Outline and evaluate an explanation of attachment Attachment is a deep and enduring emotional bond that connects one person to another across time and space (Ainsworth‚ 1973; Bowlby‚ 1969). Attachment does not have to be mutual. One person may have an attachment with an individual which is not shared. Attachment is characterized by specific behaviors in children‚ such as seeking proximity with the attachment figure when upset or threatened (Bowlby‚ 1969). Bowlby’s theory states that attachment
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Outline and evaluate two social psychological theories of aggression Bandura’s Social Learning Theory suggests that acts of aggression are learnt through the observation of role models. His original “Bobo Doll” study showed that when exposed to aggressive behaviour small children copied this behaviour‚ not just by being physically aggressive but even copying the verbally aggressive behaviour. However this study focuses on children who are supposed to learn in this manner‚ this doesn’t demonstrate
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Outline and evaluate research into maternal deprivation. (18 marks) Bowlby’s maternal deprivation hypothesis suggests that bond disruption between the infant and caregiver in the early years can have detrimental and irreversible effects on the intellectual‚ social‚ and emotional development of the child. He carried out the study on 44 juvenile thieves (that were transferred to his institution)‚ whom he compared to a group of 44 controls. It was a retrospective study using interviews and questionnaires
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Attachment is an emotional bond to an adult during the early stages if infancy. There are two main areas connect to attachment‚ these being secure attachment and insecure attachment. Bowlby (1977) describes attachment as an enduring emotional bond which an individual forms to another person. Looking at a different perspective Philippe Aries’s (1960) says mothers don’t form attachments because of the high mortality rate. Secure attachment is the parent and child relationship which serves as a pro-type
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The psychoanalysis‚ John Bowlby formulated the idea between psychoanalysis and other subjects. He approached psychoanalysis through Darwinism‚ by how it has shaped human nature. Bowlby emphasized natural instincts are encountered from the environment that are basic survival skills. Bowlby studied the connection between people‚ without having to be reciprocal‚ which developed into the theory of attachment. The relationship between the attachment between child and mother is essential in personal development
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