Outline and evaluate one or more theories on institutional aggression (24) One explanation of institutional aggression (otherwsie known as IA) are dispositional factors‚ this means that aggression is determined by a persons pre-existing disposition and personal characteristics that will impact on how aggressive they behave. The theory states that for example‚ if a large amount of people with aforementioned characteristics are in an institution then it is the norm and IA will occur. Furthermore
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Outline and evaluate definitions of abnormality. Abnormality has three definitions. The first definition is deviation from social norms. Social norms are the approved and expected ways of behaving in a particular society. In terms of social norms‚ abnormal behaviour can be seen as behaviour that deviates from or violates social norms. The key weakness of the deviation of social norms is cultural relativity. Social norms by their very definition are specific to a particular
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Outline & Evaluate one or more Explanations of Why People Obey. There are many reasons as to why people obey which have been justified gradually over several decades. Milgram (1974) argued the fact that in an obedience situation‚ people tend to pass all sense of responsibility onto the authoritative figure. Milgram said that people are in an autonomous state when taking their responsibility but move into an agentic state when passing this responsibility to an authoritative figure; this shift in
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The face recognition model developed by Bruce and Young has eight key parts and it suggests how we process familiar and unfamiliar faces‚ including facial expressions. The diagram below shows how these parts are interconnected. Structural encoding is where facial features and expressions are encoded. This information is translated at the same time‚ down two different pathways‚ to various units. One being expression analysis‚ where the emotional state of the person is shown by facial features. By
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Outline and evaluate two theories on the maintenance of relationships (24 marks) The social exchange theory proposed that social behaviour is viewed as a series of exchanges between individuals‚ where each individual attempts to maximise their rewards and minimise their costs. In 1959‚ Thibaut & Kelley outlined a four-stage model of long-term relationships. The couple explores the rewards and costs in a variety of relationships and ‘costs out’ the relationship‚ identifying the sources of profit
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John Mostyn Bowlby was born February 26‚ 1907 in London‚ England. As a child‚ he did not spend much time with either of his parents because his father was a surgeon and mothers did not care for their children in the upper-middle class of this time. Bowlby spent most of his time with nannies. In 1918‚ he and his brother were sent away to a boarding school. He went into Britannia Royal Naval College in 1921 where he trained to be a naval officer. He enrolled into Trinity College in 1925 to study medicine
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Outline and evaluate functionalist views of the role of the family in society. (33 Marks) Functionalists stress the positive aspect of family. In particular‚ they force on the positive role of one particular family type: the nuclear family. Murdoch (1949) claimed the family was a universal institution. He studied 250 societies and found the family‚ in some form‚ was present in all of them. This suggests that families are necessary in some way‚ whether it be for societies to survive‚ for individual
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his/her relationship with its mother/ primary carer. Bowlbys theory of “Maternal depravation” was founded on the hypothesis‚ that if a child is detached on a physical and emotional level from its primary carer that this will have a long term effects emotionally for that child. According to Bowlby this detachment will see an increase in disruptive and deviant behaviour as well as a detachment between themselves and their children in the future. Bowlby even goes as far as to suggest that the affected
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Criminological theories are a key role in helping to outline the present criminal justice policies. For instance‚ these theories‚ attempt to describe why people risk attempting criminal acts and through doing that‚ policy creators can devise improved framework policies that target to mitigate crime entirely. These theories try to clarify the main conception of the actual wrong doing and even offer deeper explanation of its implications. Such theories include rational choice theory and Strain theory. Overall
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widely accepted developmental theories that help us explain this‚ Maslow’ Hierarchy of Needs and The Attachment Theory. Maslow’s hierarchy is divided into deficiency needs and growth needs and he used these to describe what motivated human behavior. The attachment theory was first developed by John Bowlby‚ then expanded by Mary Ainsworth with the “Strange Situation.” The attachment theory is positioned around the emotional bonds that
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