Outline and evaluate the psychodynamic model of abnormality. (12 Marks) The psychodynamic model (which is based on Freud’s theories) states that abnormalities are results of a conflict which has gone wrong in the “psyche” (in the mind). Freud’s idea states that the psyche - which is made up of the (id‚ ego and superego)‚ should all work in perfect harmony with each other to avoid being an abnormal person. It is the idea that conscious thoughts and feelings are determined by the unconscious mind
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Infradian rhythms are biological rhythms that last for more than 24 hours. They are controlled by the hypothalamus‚ an endogenous pacemaker which requires input from exogenous zeitgebers so the rhythm can run correctly. An example of an infradian rhythms is the mentstrual cycle. This is controlled by the pituary gland which is an endogenous pacemaker. The pituary gland releases hormones which cause an egg in the ovaries to ripen and produce oestrogen. Whilst it is known to be biological due to its
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Outline and evaluate one social psychological theory of aggression (24) One social-psychological theory of aggression is Bandura’s Social Learning Theory (SLT)‚ which suggests that people learn behaviour by not only direct reinforcement and punishment but also by observing the behaviour of others. If a person observes aggressive behaviour from a model figure‚ they may imitate this behaviour‚ especially if they identify or look up to the model. This does not necessarily mean that the aggressive behaviour
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Outline and evaluate the biological approach to psychopathology (12 marks) The biological approach to psychopathology states that abnormal behaviour is a result of the brain not functioning correctly. This approach treats psychological disorders in the same way as physical orders. It suggests 4 main causes of abnormality: brain injury‚ infection‚ neurotransmitters and genetics. Brain injury Brain injury is deterioration or fault of brain cells can cause memory loss often present in Alzheimer’s
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Outline and Evaluate Research into the Relationship between the Immune System and Stress Related Illness There is evidence to suggest acute stressors can cause suppression of the immune system and decrease immune cell functioning. The study by Kiecolt-Glaser et al. (1984) investigated whether the stress of taking exams caused a change in the amount of white blood cells in the blood. Kiecolt-Glaser studied 49 male and 26 female first year medical students at the Ohio State University College
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Young people of my country conform and deviate‚ but in varying degrees. This is expressed by Suematsu in paragraph 3 of passage B where he states “Conform too much‚ and you are toast‚ deviate too much‚ and you are toast too.” in context to the school life. It is the same with Singapore. Young people of my country must find the perfect balance of conforming and deviating in order to be “popular”. And that answers the question as to why they conform and deviate. Even within Singapore‚ different
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Outline and evaluate one or more social psychological theories of aggression (8+16 marks) One social psychological theory of aggression is Bandura’s social learning theory‚ in which he combines both social and cognitive psychology in his social cognitive perspective of human behaviour. Bandura believed that behaviour was not only motivated by psychological factors but also by more socio-environmental factors. He argued that the individual and the environment were linked‚ something which he called
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to establish any new identified training needs that may warrant an adjustment or inclusion to the training programme. Using the proven systematic training cycle methodology: 2 Evaluate the Training 2.1 This is the most vital phase of the cycle since it is only after the training/assessment has been completed‚ that its effectiveness can be assessed. Information gathered from the de-brief test results and observations made be
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persist for their lifetime (Manaster and Jobe‚ 2012). At about three years‚ children begin to display and conform to certain character traits and tendency that portray their gender and personality‚ in which they become aware of their sex and act in conformity to that discovery (Tietz‚ 1998; Martin and Fabes‚ 2001; Hanish and Fabes‚ 2013). In addition to nature and psychology‚ gender differences have also been linked to environmental factors and mode of upbringing (Booth and Nolen‚ 2009). Gender segregation
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Outline and evaluate research into the factors involved in the formation of relationships: Attraction and the formation of relationships in today’s society is an everyday happening for most people and therefor it’s not surprising that numerous amounts of psychological research into interpersonal and social relationships has centred on romantic relationships. Researchers have found a number of likely factors that play a vital role in the formation of relationships‚ these being physical attractiveness
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