Outline and assess Marxist explanations of crime and deviance. In looking at the Marxist explanation of crime and deviance one must also look to the non-sociologist explanations and those of other different groups in order to come to an informed view of the subject. The non-sociologist definition of crime and deviance would be that deviance is uncommon behaviour‚ something that offends the morals or the majority of society‚ without being harmful or serious enough to be criminal. Whereas
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Essay Questions 8/10/12 marks Marks are always split equally Outline (AO1) + evaluate (AO2) Unit 1 (PSYA1)- only one 1 essay question Research methods Developmental Cognitive Unit 2 (PSYA2)- at least 2 essay question Social Stress Abnormality Outline + Evaluate research into conformity (12 marks) Outline (6 marks) - describing Evaluate (6 marks) Conformity- Asch‚ Sherif Moscovici‚ zimberardo Pick 2 studies – Asch and Sherif for example which 6 marks. AO1-
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Describe and evaluate social influences on gender roles (25 marks) Bandura and Walters (1963) proposed the social learning theory initially to explain aggression in children‚ yet they argued it can be readily applied to any behaviour. SLT suggests we acquire new behaviours via observing others‚ then modelling the observed behaviour. We are more likely to model behaviours if the behaviour is rewarded‚ via indirect‚ vicarious reinforcement. We can also learn new behaviours via being reinforced
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Outline and evaluate explanations of conformity. (12 marks) Normative social influence says people conform because they feel they need to be accepted and belong to the group. They accept the majorities’ views publicly‚ but privately they disagree – this type of conformity is compliance. The majority control the other group members‚ and use the fear of rejection to get others to conform. This is because humans are a social species and need companionship and are afraid of rejection. Research to support
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Outline and evaluate the research into conformity Conformity is a change in behaviour or belief as a result of group or imagined pressure. One study into conformity would be Sheriff’s study (1935). In this he aimed to investigate the development of group norms and conformity into those norms. He did this by using the autokinect effect. This is where a spot of light is shown in a dark room and appeared to move around. The autokinect was first shown to pps as individuals and then in a group and then
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Conformity V.S. Non-Conformity Conformity‚ it controls all of everyone from the moment they make contact with social environments or social group. Social groups make people conform and make people all alike so that they fit in‚ so when a person in a conformed group does something different‚ they will feel uneasy and pressured. Humans in a social environment have the constant urge to be conformed and alike with other people‚ but then lose or lack their uniqueness and individuality. Conformity
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The biological approach to aggression includes the belief that genetic factors play a role in aggressive behaviour and lies within an individual’s genetic make-up. There is supporting evidence of a genetic component of aggression. Psychologists have looked at twin studies to try and find evidence for a genetic basis o compare the degree of similarity of aggression between sets of monozygotic (MZ) twins and dizygotic (DZ) twins. In general it was found that aggressive behaviour is more highly correlated
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In 1991 Field found that the time spent in full-time day care was positively correlated to the number of friends children had when they went to school. Yet this might be due to more outgoing children attend day-care and therefore are more sociable‚ compared to shy‚ unsociable children who inherited their temperament from their shy mothers who would prefer to keep care for their kids at home. Clark Stewart et al studied a hundred and fifty children in 1994. They found children who went to day-car
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In 1974 the researchers Baddeley and Hitch argued that the picture of short-term memory (STM) provided by the Multi-Store Model was far too simple. Following the Multi-Store Model‚ it is believed that STM holds limited amounts of information for short periods of time with relatively little processing‚ it is believed to be a unitary store. This means that due to its single store it has no subsystems‚ unlike the Working Memory Model which has many subsystems. This proves that the Working Memory is
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The behavioural model suggest that all behaviours – including abnormality – is learnt. It suggests that we have very few innate characteristics that we are born with. According to the behavioural model there are three ways in which we learn‚ these include classical + operant conditioning and social learning theory. Classical conditioning is learning by associated‚ this is when we create a new stimulus response link by associating one stimulus to a response. For example little albert was conditioned
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