psychological explanations of crime with sociological explanations of criminality. Theories are useful tools‚ which suggest the way things are and not the way things ought to be‚ we can use them to help us to understand the world around us. In terms of criminal and deviant behaviour the theories proposed in this subject area set out to try and give reason as to why an individual commits criminal or delinquent acts. In this essay I will be using biological‚ psychological and sociological explanations of criminality
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Outline and Evaluate the Multi – Store Model of Memory ( 12 marks ) Information from the environment enters sensory memory‚ encoded through one of the 5 senses depending on the type of information. If attention is paid to this information it will enter short term memory ( STM )which‚ according to Miller‚ has a capacity of 7+/- 2 bits of information. It can last up to 18 seconds‚ without rehearsal‚ according to Peterson and Peterson. Baddeley found that information in STM is encoded mainly
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Describe and evaluate social influences on gender roles (25 marks) Bandura and Walters (1963) proposed the social learning theory initially to explain aggression in children‚ yet they argued it can be readily applied to any behaviour. SLT suggests we acquire new behaviours via observing others‚ then modelling the observed behaviour. We are more likely to model behaviours if the behaviour is rewarded‚ via indirect‚ vicarious reinforcement. We can also learn new behaviours via being reinforced
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Outline & Evaluate The Multi-Store Model Of Memory (12 Marks) The multi-store model of memory is widely renowned as the definitive concept of how our memory works‚ through inter-connected stores. We encode information into our sensory memory by using incoming stimuli (our five senses)‚ our sensory memory is very limited‚ allowing us to only store around 2 items‚ for as little as 1 or 2 seconds. If however‚ we pay attention to the information that has been encoded into our sensory memory‚ it then
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From a Marxist perspective‚ would you argue that globalisation mitigates or deepens global inequality? Explain why. Marxism is arguably the approach best equipped to conceptualise and explain globalisation. Firstly Marx would argue that imperialism would bring to the less industrial countries the advantages of capitalist technologies such as railways and more efficient methods of production. Yet Marx argued that these developments would not be positive but rather a part of the same process
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Outline and evaluate the evolutionary theory of human attachment 12 marks Bowlby put forward a theory of attachment based on the adaptive advantage we get through an innate tendency to form attachments with our caregiver. Bowlby adopted the idea of a critical period from ethologists like Lorenz and applied this to his explanation of how human infants form an attachment. The critical period hypothesis states that if you fail to attach between two and a half years‚ the child will suffer irreversible
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Outline and assess the view that the official crime statistics tell us more about the people involved in their collection than they tell us about crime and criminals [60 marks] Positivists believe that the official crime statistics (OSC) tell us about the crime & criminality and are very valuable. However‚ Intrepretivists would disagree and would criticise the OCS as they are socially constructed. They argue that the OCS lack reliability and therefore validity because it tells us more about the
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Assess different Marxist views of the relationship between crime and social class. Marxist theorists suggest that the workings of society can be explained by the concept of exploitation – the ruling class exploit the working class. This is the fundamental point by which Chambliss pointed to explore the relationship between class and crime. Traditional Marxists imply that the judiciary system is beneficial to the ruling class only. This dominant ideology disseminates through agencies such as‚ education
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Outline and assess feminist explanations for the relationship between gender and victimisation. Official crime statistics show that males are four times more likely to commit crimes than females. Victim surveys show women to be more likely to be victims of sexual and violent assaults than males. It has also been suggested there are gender differences in punishments. Radical feminists such as Heidensohn claim that women’s lower crime rates can be explained in terms of patriarchy. She claims
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only is it a warning to the proletariat‚ but also the capitalist of bourgeoisie; the story Little Red Riding Hood displays all parts of society and how they conflict each other. When analyzing the 1812 version of Little Red Riding Hood through a Marxist lens it became a cautionary allegory‚ because of the symbolism‚ the tone‚ and the implied themes. The symbolism of the wolf‚ the forest‚ and Little Red form examples of the capitalist and proletarians of society. These two divisions of this society
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