to the Best Explanation is a type of abductive reasoning. In making this inference one infers‚ from the fact that a certain hypothesis would explain the evidence‚ to the truth of that hypothesis. In general‚ there will be multiple different hypotheses that might explain the evidence‚ so one must be able to decide which one is the correct hypothesis. One of the classic examples is how to explain wet grass. If the grass is wet‚ it probably rained. The Inference of the Best Explanation‚ one does not
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Outline and evaluate the formation of romantic relationships (24) There are many theories for the formation of relationships‚ including reward/need satisfaction theories and the filter model. The reward/need satisfaction theory as proposed by Bryne and Clore‚ states that we form friendships and relationships to receive rewards/reinforcement from the others. Relationships provide rewards that satisfy our social needs. Rewards include things like approval‚ sex‚ status‚ love‚ money‚ respect‚ agreement
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"The most insistent and vigorous historicism through most of the twentieth century has been Marxism‚ based on the work of Karl Marx (1818-1883)" (Marxist Criticism"). Even though this critical theory has been proved to be flawed‚ this theory is quite helpful when used to "interpret the failure of Marxist regimes" (Tyson 49). Some of the fundamental premises include the idea that how an economy functions is the base of every society‚ that all human events and productions have specific material/historical
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Outline and assess cultural explanations for different class achievement (50 marks) A social class background has a very powerful influence on a child’s chances of success in the education system. The children that are from a middle class background will normally perform better than the working class. Basil Bernstein identifies to different speech codes that can effect class achievement in the education system. The restricted speech code‚ this is normally used by the working class. It is based
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Outline and evaluate the influence of childhood experiences on adult relationships Adult relationships are not just influenced by biological or inherited factors. Upbringing‚ socialisation and childhood also play an important part in later adult relationships. Attachment is the emotional tie between two people that is shown in their behaviours. Attachment theory‚ put forward by Bowlby‚ argues that childhood relationships are prototypes for ones adult relationships. There is some evidence for this
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Outline and evaluate the biological approach to psychopathology (12 marks) The biological approach to psychopathology states that abnormal behaviour is a result of the brain not functioning correctly. This approach treats psychological disorders in the same way as physical orders. It suggests 4 main causes of abnormality: brain injury‚ infection‚ neurotransmitters and genetics. Brain injury Brain injury is deterioration or fault of brain cells can cause memory loss often present in Alzheimer’s
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Outline and evaluate two social psychological explanations There are two social psychological approaches to aggression. These are social learning theory (SLT) and deindividuation theory (DT). Both these theories stress that aggression is a learnt process‚ they believe that aggression is due to our nurture and not in our nature. They dispute the biological approach to aggression. Social learning theory was proposed by Alburt Bandura. He used the word modeling to explain how humans can quickly learn
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Assess The Marxist view that the main role of the family is to serve the interests of capitalism The Marxist perspective comes from Frederick Engel‚ which it stressed on the patriarchal structure of families. Basically the Marxism suggested males are the dominant of the whole family. For instance‚ it’s essential to solve the problem of the inheritance of the private property in order to pass them to their children/heirs; in another words‚ it’s unlikely for women to be a part of the responsibilities
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Compare and evaluate three significant learning and development theories In this assignment I will compare and evaluate three significant learning theories‚ these being; Behaviourism‚ Constructivism and Social Constructivism. This will include a clear presentation of; knowledge of these theories‚ a demonstration of the understanding of academic debates pertaining to these theories and by selecting three key aspects of these three theories‚ comparing and evaluating them. The three key aspects that
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Essay: a) Outline explanations of group display in humans (15 marks) b) Criticially evaluate one or more of your explanations of group display in humans (10 marks) Part A Group display of aggression (behaviour with intent to harm) in ancestors has been seen as an adaptive response‚ promoting inter-group harmony and mutual defence. Lynch mobs have been explained by social transition and the need for conformity‚ for example‚ Myrdal (1944) found that black lynchings in the USA were due to fear
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