When evaluating aggression as a behavior we have to consider a person’s intentions as well as the outcome. Elliot Aronson defined aggression as ’behavior aimed at causing harm or pain’. The act of aggression can be seen to be expressed in two different ways depending on where it is assumed to originate from. Those who believe aggression is learned behavior typically emphasize behavior in defining aggression‚ aggression must result in harm. Those who believe aggression as innate drive typically emphasize
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sleep of mankind" (Gay‚ 1989: IX). Decades after his death his prediction appear to be fulfilled as his theories have made the field of psychology filled with intrigue and left researchers with many complex ideas to ponder on. Freud‚ as well as invoking wonder in the minds of his followers and his rivals‚ has indeed gifted the field of psychology the most enlightening theories. Freud’s’ theories were not only original but provoked so much controversy because they were indeed out of this world. He
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Outline and evaluate research into types of attachment. Ainsworth conducted a study to observe types of attachment behaviours with occur between a mother and a child. She used observation to witness these behaviours. By placing the child in a set up play room with one way glass allowed natural behaviour to be observed without interference from the psychologist. Ainsworth used several situations including a mother a child and a stranger. Firstly the mother and the child entered the room‚ the child
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MOODULE 2: THEORIES OF PSYCHOLOGICAL COUNSELLING THE BEHAVIOURIST THEORY OF COUNSELLING Introduction to Theories A theory can be defined as a systematic way of explaining a fact or an event. It refers to procedure that has been put forward empirically tested that explains a situation as a phenomena. Importance of Theory in Counselling Theories help a counselor to; • Explain the existence of a behaviour by understand if how it’s conceptualized‚ perpetuated and its manifestations
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In modern society various people partake in acts of aggression and violence. Regardless of age or gender‚ expressing aggression and participating in violent actions are frequent obscenities in many cultures today. In the documentary Girlhood‚ Liz Garbus follows two young women who have encountered numerous misfortunes in the past that led them to implement their violent offences. Both girls work towards their freedom from the rehabilitation center in Baltimore‚ Maryland and finally become productive
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Outline and Evaluate Two Theories of Relationship Formation (24 marks) Byrne and Clores Reward/Need Satisfaction theory states that we will become attracted to a partner based on how that person makes us feel. Mutual attraction will occur when each partner meets the others’ needs. Stimuli in our lives can usually be seen as rewarding or punishing‚ rewarding stimuli making us happy and punishing stimuli having the opposite effect. We can also be attracted to someone through association of events
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Outline and evaluate neural and hormonal mechanisms in aggression. There are two main biological explanations to aggression‚ neural and hormonal. The neural explanation is the serotonin and dopamine neurotransmitters and how they affect our aggression; the hormonal mechanisms are the testosterone and cortisol chemicals. Testosterone is a hormone that is more concentrated in men than in women as it is a male sex hormone‚ it is thought to influence aggression from a young age onwards‚ due to its actions
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Psychology Outline and evaluate the multi-store model The MSM was created by Atkinson and Shiffrin (1968) who suggested that memory was comprised of three separate stores. They were; sensory memory‚ short term memory and long term memory. The model shows how information is transferred between the three stores. The model simply shows that when your are given information of environmental stimuli it will enter your sensory memory and only if you pay attention will it enter your short term memory‚
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Aggression is the feeling of anger and hatred that may result in threatening or violent behavior. It is also a physical or emotional expression of the feelings of dissatisfaction arising out of the comparison between what people presently have and what they believe they should have‚ what they ought to have or what they believe is ideal. The theories of aggression assert that aggression is the inevitable result of frustration or conflict‚ they affirm that aggression results out of an innate instinct
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Outline and evaluate the ‘WMM’ (12marks) The working memory model (WMM) has four components. The central executive controls and monitors the operation of the other 3 components. It also allocates attention. The phonological loop is sub-divided into 2 smaller components‚ the articulatory control system‚ where information is rehearsed sub vocally or in the inner voice and the phonological store where speech is held for a very brief duration in the inner ear. The third component is the visuo spatial
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