Outline and evaluate restoration theory as an explanation of the function of sleep (8+16 marks) Sleep is believed to function as a means of restoring the biological system to a better working order this is the basis of the restoration theory‚ Sleep is divided into several different stages such as SWS‚ and REM sleep‚ Oswald proposed that each of these sleep stages has a different restorative function. SWS enables the body to repair itself and REM enables brain recovery and memory consolidation
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Outline and evaluate the psychodynamic model of abnormality. (12 Marks) The psychodynamic model (which is based on Freud’s theories) states that abnormalities are results of a conflict which has gone wrong in the “psyche” (in the mind). Freud’s idea states that the psyche - which is made up of the (id‚ ego and superego)‚ should all work in perfect harmony with each other to avoid being an abnormal person. It is the idea that conscious thoughts and feelings are determined by the unconscious mind
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Outline and evaluate research into the factors involved in the formation of relationships: Attraction and the formation of relationships in today’s society is an everyday happening for most people and therefor it’s not surprising that numerous amounts of psychological research into interpersonal and social relationships has centred on romantic relationships. Researchers have found a number of likely factors that play a vital role in the formation of relationships‚ these being physical attractiveness
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Outline and evaluate the influence of childhood experiences on adult relationships Adult relationships are not just influenced by biological or inherited factors. Upbringing‚ socialisation and childhood also play an important part in later adult relationships. Attachment is the emotional tie between two people that is shown in their behaviours. Attachment theory‚ put forward by Bowlby‚ argues that childhood relationships are prototypes for ones adult relationships. There is some evidence for this
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Outline and Evaluate Psychological Explanations for one eating disorder The psychodynamic approach suggests unconscious conflicts from childhood may be the reason for an eating disorder. As adolescent girls are most likely to have the disorder‚ it suggests that anorexia might be due to fear of increasing sexual desires and starvation is a way to avoid becoming pregnant because one of the symptoms of anorexia nervosa is the absence of a menstrual cycle. Another psychodynamic explanation suggests anorexia
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attacker but the perpetrator was actually in the line-up with him‚ standing right next to him. Wrongly convicted people have suffered‚ victims may have suffered also but they were responsible for leaving an innocent man behind bars. It is clear that eyewitness in identification pick out‚ tends to have a high error rate. As for the court system‚ according to research at Cornell University‚ “found that defendants with more stereotypically ‘black features’ were more likely to be sentenced to death.” This
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Outline and evaluate the biological approach to psychopathology (12 marks) The biological approach to psychopathology states that abnormal behaviour is a result of the brain not functioning correctly. This approach treats psychological disorders in the same way as physical orders. It suggests 4 main causes of abnormality: brain injury‚ infection‚ neurotransmitters and genetics. Brain injury Brain injury is deterioration or fault of brain cells can cause memory loss often present in Alzheimer’s
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‘Outline and evaluate different types of attachment’ Ainsworths ‘strange situation’ was developed as a tool to measure types of attachment in infants. The experiment was carried out in a purpose build playroom and children were observed with cameras. It consisted of several situations‚ standardised for all those who took part. Each condition involved variation of the presence of the mother and/or a stranger‚ over 3 minute intervals. During these different conditions‚ the child’s behaviour was monitored
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Outline and evaluate two social psychological explanations There are two social psychological approaches to aggression. These are social learning theory (SLT) and deindividuation theory (DT). Both these theories stress that aggression is a learnt process‚ they believe that aggression is due to our nurture and not in our nature. They dispute the biological approach to aggression. Social learning theory was proposed by Alburt Bandura. He used the word modeling to explain how humans can quickly learn
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Outline and evaluate the formation of romantic relationships (24) There are many theories for the formation of relationships‚ including reward/need satisfaction theories and the filter model. The reward/need satisfaction theory as proposed by Bryne and Clore‚ states that we form friendships and relationships to receive rewards/reinforcement from the others. Relationships provide rewards that satisfy our social needs. Rewards include things like approval‚ sex‚ status‚ love‚ money‚ respect‚ agreement
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