Outline and evaluate biological explanations for schizophrenia (8+16marks). It has been showed that schizophrenia has a tendency to run in different families. This implies that genes play a role. The closer the genetic relationship the more likely the people are to share the disorder. Gottesman (1991) showed that when both parents are schizophrenic‚ there is a 46% chance of the child also getting it‚ however‚ if only one parent had it‚ it dropped to 16% and dropped to a further 1% when the sibling
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Outline and evaluate one or more biological explanations of schizophrenia (8 marks AO1/16 marks AO1) Schizophrenia is classified as a mental disorder that shows profound disruption of cognition and emotion which affects a person’s language‚ perception‚ thought and sense of self. The dopamine hypothesis states that schizophrenic’s neurones transmitting dopamine release the neurotransmitter too easily‚ leading to the characteristic symptoms of schizophrenia. This hypothesis
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There are four ways of defining abnormality: • Deviation from social norms • Failure to function adequately • Deviation from ideal mental health • Deviation from the statistical norm Deviation from social norms: Social norms are acceptable or expected patterns of behaviour. According to this definition‚ abnormality is deviation or violation of acceptable patterns of behaviour or social norms. For example it is not acceptable to say you hear voices in your head (schizophrenia). It is not a
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The psychologist taking the biological approach would respond with an explanation of how the brain may be deficient in a certain area. He/she may suggest that there is a chemical imbalance in the brain causing the irrational actions displayed by the criminal. There may be any number of chemicals in the brain that could be off and affecting reactions in the nervous system all the way into the parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous system. Additionally‚ the psychologist may attribute genetic markers
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true (Davies & Bhugra‚ 2004). The biological approach and psychoanalytic approach are both deterministic. They both claim that innate componants are responsible for our behaviour. The biological approach claims Behaviour is caused by specific brain structures or that genetic makeup. For example if you have a gene for for a specific behaviour‚ you will exhibit that type of behaviour. Valentine(1992‚ cited in Davey & Sterling‚ 2008). The psychoanalytic approach deterministic as it claims the unconscious
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The Psychodynamic Approach was developed by Sigmund Freud in the 1900. Freud main assumption is our behaviour is influenced by our unconscious mind and we are unaware of this‚ therefore Freud argued that we should focus on the unconscious mind rather than the conscious. Freud suggested that personality was split into three parts; the id‚ ego and superego. Freud suggested to have a healthy personality there had to be a balance between this three parts. Freud also suggested that childhood experiences
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The Biological Approach One of the most perplexing issues in psychology is understanding the relationship between the mind and the brain. We all recognize that we have conscious awareness of our surroundings‚ and also of ourselves (self-awareness). It is this experience which has normally been described as the mind. But what is the basis of the mind? Is it the expression of a non-physical soul‚ or is it a product of physical processes within our body? Philosophers and scientists have been pondering
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There are two main biological theories which explain the assumed causes of schizophrenia: Genetic and Dopamine Hypothesis. Research by Mikaywa et al has found that there must be a genetic explanation of schizophrenia due to the fact that concordance rates for environmental causes are not 100%. Also Mikaywa noticed that schizophrenia runs in the family‚ meaning there must be something other than environmental causes‚ causing the disorder. What Mikaywa studied was DNA from human families who were
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Discuss biological approaches to addiction (9+16 Marks) The genetics of addiction: * People who have an addictive personality are likely to be predisposed to it because of their genes. * Family and twin studies have demonstrated that genes contribute towards the development of alcohol dependence‚ with heritability estimates of between 50 and 60 % for both males and females. McGue‚ 1999 * Fowler et al‚ 2007 – found that in a study of 1‚214 twins genetic influences played a role in the
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The Biological Approach to Unipolar Depression. Katie Evans Abnormal behaviour was once thought to be caused by supernatural possession; this demonological model of abnormality was especially popular in the Middle Ages. It was not until the 18th century that psychologists began to argue that this behaviour should be treated as an illness and medical techniques could be used to treat it; and so emerged the medical model of abnormality. (Gross & McIlveen‚ 1996)1 The medical model of abnormal psychology
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