Describe and evaluate explanations of insomnia. (8 + 16 marks) Insomnia is a state where an individual experiences difficulties with their sleep. There are 5 types of insomnia; long term‚ short term‚ trouble falling asleep‚ trouble staying asleep and waking up too early. Short term insomnia usually lasts a few days or weeks‚ it tends to be caused by immediate worries such as exams‚ deaths‚ noise‚ jet lag or temporary medical conditions such as colds. Long term (chronic) insomnia is experiencing
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Firstly‚ I will be talking about the health belief model. The health belief model was developed to predict preventive health behaviour and it is a psychological model and it was first developed in the 1950s by a social psychologist named Hochbaum‚ Kegels and Rosenstock. The health belief model focuses mainly on the beliefs and attitude of the individuals. They believe that it makes changes to the persons behaviour. However‚ the health belief model also suggests that if an individual believes that
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Outline and evaluate the psychodynamic approach to abnormality The psychodynamic approach to abnormality assumes that unconscious desires and memories influence behaviour and may lead to abnormality. It claims that personality develops in the childhood through a number of psychosexual stages and that too much or too little pleasure at one of these can lead to fixation and abnormal behaviour. For example‚ between the ages of two and four‚ children are in the anal stage- too much focus on holding in
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Outline and evaluate Bowlby’s theory of attachment (12 marks) Bowlby was an evolutionary Psychologist who believed that attachment is a part of evolutionary behaviour and focus on an animal’s instinctive and innate capabilities‚ and the functions of their behaviour. They believe this is useful for learning about human instinctive and biological behaviour. Attachment behaviour keeps a young animal or human safe. It is behaviour seen in all species of animal. Many species of animal form rapid attachments
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Outline and evaluate The SLT theory of aggression. Aggression is defined by Baron & Richardson (1993) as ‘any form of behaviour directed towards the goal of harming or injuring another living being who is motivated to avoid such treatment’. According to Social Learning Theory aggressive behaviour is developed through the environment (rather than being an innate tendency – as the biological and psychoanalytical theories would suggest). If biological theories of aggression were faultless it
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Outline and evaluate the behavioural approach to abnormality This approach focuses on the behaviour of the person to explain psychological abnormalities. It believes that the behaviour is learnt‚ and therefore can be unlearnt. It focuses on 3 different things: classical conditioning‚ operant conditioning and social learning theory. Classical conditioning was developed by Pavlov through his work on animals. He explained the development of abnormal behaviours through stimulus-response associations
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Outline and evaluate the Psychodynamic approach to abnormality (12marks) It claims that personality develops in childhood through a number of ‘psychosexual stages’ and that too much or too little pleasure at one of these can lead to fixation and abnormal behaviour. For example between the ages of two and four children are in the anal stage – too much focus on holding in faeces during this time can lead to an ‘anally retentive’ adult personality which is obsessively neat and tidy‚ in some cases leading
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Outline and evaluate the cognitive approach to psychopathology The cognitive approach to psychopathology focuses on the theory that abnormality is caused by faulty cognitions about ourselves‚ others and our worlds. Our behaviour is controlled by these cognitions‚ consequently if these are faulty‚ it can cause abnormal behaviour. In 1962 Ellis proposed the A-B-C model. This suggests that a certain behaviour will first start with an activating event (such as seeing a large dog). This will then
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Outline and evaluate the biological approach to abnormality? The biological or medical approach regards abnormality as illness or disease. Mental illness is thought to be related to the physical structure and functioning of the brain. There are four possible causal factors of abnormality: brain damage‚ infection‚ biochemistry and genes. The first factor is brain damage. Abnormal behaviour may occur if the structure of the brain is damaged in some way. Once disease or brain damage has caused mental
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Mill An efficient and economical model for generating electrical energy INDEX Acknowledgement….…………………………………………………………….. 3 Introduction………………………………………………………………………..4 Topic………………………………………………………………………………5 Conclusion………………………………………………………………………...7 Bibliography………………………………………………………………………8 Acknowledgement I’m happy to say that I chose this topic as I learnt a great deal of information while writing this report. It was while developing the working model of Windmill that encouraged me to
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