The Multi-store model of memory The Multi-store model of memory was proposed by Atkinson and Shiffrin in 1968. It describes the structural features of the memory system‚ and various control processes used by individuals to manipulate the information flowing through the system. It uses the theory that memory is characterized as a flow of information. The system is divided into a set of stages and information passes through each stage in a fixed sequence. There is capacity and duration limitations
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Outline and evaluate one alternative to the multi-store model of memory (e.g. working memory‚ levels of processing) Craik and Lockhart (1972) advanced the levels of processing theory (LOP) as an alternative to the multi-store model. They argued that deeper levels of processing would greatly enhance the strength and durability of a memory trace and therefore its memorability. Thus if you process information “deeply” then it will be stored. Deep processing would‚ according to the researchers
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Working memory model Central executive-has overall control of information from any sensory system. Controls the slave system ; decision maker Phonological loop- stores a limited number of speech based sounds; consists of the Phonological store – INNER EAR allows acoustically coded items to be stored for a brief period of time Articulatory control process- INNER VOICE allows sub vocal repetition of the items in the phonological store. Visuo-spatial scratch pad –stores visual and spatial
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the multi-store model for being a very simplistic view of memory. They saw short term memory as a store that had many individual sections inside it. This was supported by patient KF who had epilepsy‚ the doctor wanted to try and remedy this by removing his hippocampus. This surgery was done‚ however instead of fixing his epilepsy‚ it damaged his short term memory‚ yet he still had his long term memory intact. In the multi-store model it states that in order to have long term memory‚ one needs to have
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Microsoft doc The working memory model has three separate components. The central executive system allocates attention to different inputs and monitoring the operation of the other two components. The phonological loop has two sub-components‚ the articulatory control system‚ where information is rehearsed subvocally‚ and the phonological store‚ where speech input is held for a very brief duration. The third component‚ the visuo-spatial sketchpad deals with visual and spatial information coming
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Outline and evaluate research into encoding in memory (8) A study by Baddeley was conducted in 1966. He did two experiments looking into the STM and LTM. In these two studies he gave participants four lists of words. These were a list where the words were acoustically similar another where they were acoustically different and one where they were semantically similar and the last where they were semantically different. They were read the lists and then given an interference task for 20 seconds
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Outline and Evaluate strategies for memory improvement. (12 marks) The first main memory improvement technique is the use of verbal mnemonics that focuses around words. For example acronyms‚ (where a word or sentence is formed from the initial letters of other words) e.g. - UNICEF - The United Nations International Children’s Emergency Fund. Another technique is an acrostic (a poem or sentence where the first letter in each line/word forms the method used for the item being remembered). E-g Homework
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Outline and evaluate research into the duration of memory (12 marks) Peterson and Peterson researched into the duration of the STM. They used trigrams and asked their participants to recall them after a retention interval‚ the retention interval was different every time. They found that after 3 seconds participants could recall about 90% correctly but after 18 seconds only 2% could be recalled correctly. Peterson and Peterson concluded that the STM has a limited duration and when rehearsal is
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visual working memory capacity involved in remembering and comprehension. This articles primary focus is going to be looking at the concept of working memory and how it actually works and is able to function alongside all other kinds of memory. The beginning of this article starts off by trying to determine the relationship between working memory and cognitive abilities. According to Alan Baddeley these two functions are attached to specific domains within the mind. Baddeley developed a model of working
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Memory- Task 1 Evaluate the usefulness of the three models of memory (multi-store model‚ working memory model and the levels of processing model) and discuss practical implications of memory research. Atkinson and Shiffrin ’s Multi- store Model of Memory (1968) hypothesises that there are three stores for memory; Sensory memory‚ short term memory (STM) and long term memory (LTM). The theory states that a memory passes through each of the stores and that the importance of the memory determines which
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