magnesium‚ and strontium were mixed with solutions containing the sulfate‚ carbonate‚ oxalate‚ and iodate polyatomic anions. Any changes that indicate a chemical reaction such as a color change‚ the formation of a precipitate‚ or the evolution of a gas should be noted. Each mixture contained five drops of the nitrate solution being tested‚ mixed with five drops of the solutions containing sulfate‚ carbonate‚ oxalate‚ or iodate. After mixing‚ the observation of chemical change was
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temperature‚ concentration of reactants‚ and presence of catalysts‚ on the rate of a reaction. The rate law of a reaction was determined using the initial rates of method. Data gathered from six different runs of a reaction between thiosulfate and hydronium ion was used to plot a linear equation based on the Arrhenius equation. From the equation‚ the activation energy‚ Ea‚ of the reaction was obtained with an experimental value of 58.03 kJ/mol. The experiment showed that higher temperature leads to an increase
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solid is often the first step in analyzing it. Calcium ions can be analyzed by precipitation with oxalate in a basic solution to form CAC2O4.H 2O. Ca2+(aq) + C2O42- (aq) + H2O(l) CAC2O4.H 2O(s) This will yield us large‚ easy to filter‚ mostly pure crystals of precipitate if carried out slowly over a long period of time‚ allowing for proper and complete precipitation. This precipitate is soluble in acidic solution seeing as oxalate anion is a weak base‚ which allows a slow precipitation
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TITRATION • reducing agents used as standard solutions: ferrous sulfate‚ FeSO4 oxalic acid‚ H2C2O4 sodium oxalate‚ Na2C2O4 sodium thiosulfate‚ Na2S2O3 titanous chloride‚ TiCl2 REDOX TITRATION • important redox titration combinations: potassium permanganate and ferrous salts potassium dichromate and ferrous salts potassium permanganate and sodium oxalate iodine and sodium thiosulfate REDOX TITRATION CURVES • resembles the curve for acid-base titration x-axis:
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age‚ neonatal hypoglycemia‚ erythrocytosis‚ and hyperbilirubinia. Composite morbidity was present in 59% of untreated GDM‚ 18% of treated GDM‚ and in 11% of nondiabetic subjects (Langer et al‚ 2005). The most common complication was macrosomia/LGA (long gestationa age) which affected 46% and 19% of the newborns from treated and untreated mothers with gestational diabetes‚ respectively. The incidence of fetal death was 5.4. 3.6 and 1.8 per 1000 in untreated‚ treated and nondiabetic mothers‚ respectively
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Averrhoa bilimbi (commonly known as bilimbi‚ cucumber tree‚ or tree sorrel) is a fruit-bearing tree of the genus Averrhoa‚ family Oxalidaceae. It is a close relative of carambola tree. Medical interest In the Philippines‚ the leaves serve as a paste on itches‚ swelling‚ rheumatism‚ mumps or skin eruptions. Elsewhere‚ they are used for bites of poisonous creatures. A leaf infusion is used as an after-birth tonic‚ while the flower infusion is used for thrush‚ cold‚ and cough. Malaysians use fermented
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References: 2. Mc Graw Hill Encyclopedia of science and technology vol 9‚ 1960 3 9. Bender A.E (1982) Dictionary of Nutrition and Food Technology 5th edition 10. Lee‚ F.A (1980)‚ Fruits and Vegetables; Basic Food Chemistry‚ 2nd edition 11. Pippen; E.L Mc Cready‚ R.M and Owens H.S (1950) Gelation proportion of partially Acetylated pectins J.AM 12. McComb‚ E.A; and McCready‚ R.M (1957): Determination of Acetyl in pectin and in Acetylated
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of sodium benzoate and HCl was added to it‚ ultimately producing benzoic acid. First‚ .3395 g of sodium benzoate was weighed‚ then it was dissolved in water‚ causing it to disassociate into ions. Next‚ 3M of HCl were added drop wise to the solution until it reached a pH of 2‚ thus introducing the hydronium ion. This addition caused a white‚ solid benzoic acid to precipitate out of the solution. A vacuum filtration system was used to separate the solid from the liquid. What was once water soluable
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systematically reacting the unknown with a number of different reagents. By predetermining what the particular reaction will produce if a specific ion is present‚ the ions that actually are in the solution can be identified. For example‚ if a reaction is known to produce a precipitate if ion A is present and a precipitate is formed when the reaction is run‚ then ion A may be present in solution (there may
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Acknowledgement I would like to express my sincere gratitude to my chemistry mentors Mrs. Smiti Gupta for her vital support‚ genius guidance and encouragement without which this project would not have come forth from my side. I would also like to express my heartly gratitude to the lab assistants Mr. Rajkumar Singh for his necessary suggestions and initiations during the making of this project. I am grateful to My Parents and My Sister whose blessings and wishes have gone a long way in the
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