Steam Distillation of Lemongrass Oil I. Introduction When a mixture of cyclohexane and toluene is distilled‚ the boiling point of these two miscible liquids is between the boiling points of each of the pure components. By contrast‚ if a mixture of benzene and water (Immiscible liquids) is distilled‚ the boiling point of the mixture will be found below the boiling point of each pure component. Since the two liquids are essentially insoluble in each other‚ the benzene molecules in a droplet of
Premium Distillation Water Vapor pressure
Comparison of Three Isomers of Butanol SCH 4UI Abstract The Hydroxyl group on alcohols relates to their reactivity. This concept was explored by answering the question “Does each alcohol undergo halogenation and controlled oxidation?” . Using three isomers of butanol; the primary 1-butanol‚ the secondary 2-butanol and the tertiary 2-methyl-2-propanol‚ also referred to as T-butanol‚ two experiments were performed to test the capabilities of the alcohols. When mixed with hydrochloric acid in
Premium Alcohol Carbon
uranium deposits for many years‚ but more recently has been applied to gold ore refractory and refractory concentrates. This process involves the oxidation of sulfide‚ ferrous‚ and sometimes carbon containing minerals in order to liberate the gold trapped within. This process is possible by use of several bacterial strains which gain energy from the oxidation of reduced sulfur and ferrous minerals. There are three main bioleaching techniques: heap bioleaching‚ bioreactors and vats. Optimizing the
Premium Gold Ore Mineral
reagents. The basis of determining an unknown hydrocarbon is due to the differences in reactions of hydrocarbons. An unknown compound is determined using tests. The unknown gives a positive result in nitration test and gives no brown precipitate in oxidation test. The unknown is an aromatic and non-alkylated compound. _______________________________________________ Introduction: Hydrocarbons are organic compounds that composed of only hydrogen and carbon. There are two major types of hydrocarbons;
Premium Benzene Carbon Hydrocarbon
bus 9.2 – Production of Materials: Δ. Construct word and balanced formulae equations of all chemical reactions as they are encountered in this module: • Basic reactions to remember: – Acid reactions: ▪ acid + base [pic] salt + water HCl(aq) + NaOH(aq) [pic]NaCl(s) + H2O(l) ▪ acid + metal [pic] salt + hydrogen gas HCl(aq) + Mg(s)[pic]MgCl2(s) + H2 (g) ▪ acid + carbonate [pic] salt + carbon dioxide gas + water HCl(aq) + CaCO3(s)[pic] CaCl(s) + CO2(g) + H2O
Premium Covalent bond Chemical reaction Ionic bond
During a race‚ there is an inherent increase in energy requirements and these requirements are maintained by the many biochemical events happening within the body. This essay explores the metabolic processes that occur at the start of the race‚ 5 minutes into the race and 45 minutes into the race in terms of mobilization‚ biochemical pathways used for degradation of molecules and comparing the yield of ATP of the two types of fuels involved‚ namely carbohydrates and lipids. Carbohydrates‚ which have
Premium Metabolism Energy Muscle
reaction or process that releases energy in the form of heat. Sometimes the term is applied to processes that release other forms of energy‚ such as electrical energy‚ sound‚ or light. An Example –The example would be combustion of wood. Oxidation - Oxidation is the loss of electrons during a reaction by a molecule‚ atom or ion. An Example - The example is iron combines with oxygen to form iron oxide or rust. The iron is said to have oxidized into rust. Heating natural gas - Natural gas is a
Premium Oxygen Hydrogen Carbon
disproportionation reaction). The solution remains strongly basic. The chemical equation for the process is: Cl2(g) + 2OH- (aq) ---> ClO- (aq) + Cl- (aq) + H2O (l) The amount of hypochlorite ion present in a solution of bleach can be determined by oxidation-reduction titration. One of the best methods is the iodine-thiosulfate titration procedure. Iodide ion‚ I-‚ is easily oxidized by almost any oxidizing agent (It has many electrons to lose!). In an acid solution‚ hypochlorite ions oxidize iodide
Premium Chlorine
Redox Problem Set 1: Reactions and Stoichiometry (All of these questions are no calculator friendly) 1) Give the oxidation number of carbon in each of the following: a) b) c) d) CF2Cl2 Na2C2O4 HCO3-1 C2H6 2) Give the oxidation number of sulphur in each of the following: a) b) c) d) SOCl2 H2S2 H2SO3 Na2S 3) Identify the oxidizing and reducing agents in each of the following: a) b) c) d) 8H+(aq) + 6Cl-1(aq) + Sn(s) + 4NO3-1(aq) SnCl6 -2(aq) + 4NO2(g) + 4H2O(l) 2MnO4-1(aq) + 10Cl-1(aq) + 16H+(aq)
Free Oxidizing agent Hydrogen Electrochemistry
Ronak Parikh U30682934 Experiment 2: Diels-Alder Reaction: Synthesis of cis-Norbornene-5‚6-endo-dicaroboxylic anhydride Introduction: The main goal of this experiment is to perform a Diels-Alder reaction between 2‚3-dimethyl-1‚3-butadiene and maleic anhydride‚ identify the product and hydrolyze to form the dicarboxylic acid. Diels alder reactions are classified as pericyclic reaction‚ which is a reaction which involves a cyclic rearrangement of bonding electrons‚ which means
Premium Electron configuration Chemical reaction Chemistry