by : Directorate of Education‚ Delhi SOME IMPORTANT REASONING BASED QUESTIONS OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 1. Chlorobenzene is less reactive than chloromethane. Ans. In chlorobenzene‚ each carbon atom of benzenering is sp2 hyridised and is electron withdrawing. Chlorine atom donates a lone pair of electron and acquire positive charge. The negative charge is delocalised on ortho and para position by resonance. C-Cl bond acquires partial double bond character and is 169 pm as compared to 17.0 pm in chloromethane
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Katie Smith April 11‚ 2013 Competitive Nucleophiles Introduction The purpose of this experiment was to compare the nucleophilicities of chloride and bromide ions toward the n-butyl and t-pentyl alcohols. We were able to analyze this by using refractometry to measure the amounts of alkyl chloride and alkyl bromide in each reaction. Experiment Scheme (Procedure A) To begin the experiment‚ we assembled a reflux apparatus in the fume hood with a 100 mL round bottom flask and a condenser
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NORTHERN CARIBBEAN UNIVERSITY DEPARTMENT OF BIOLOGY‚ CHEMISTRY and ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE LABORATORY MANUAL Instructor: Dr. M. Wilson CHEM401: BIOCHEMISTRY for NURSES Prepared by: Oreane Collins CHEMISTRY LABORATORY REGULATIONS AND SAFETY PRECAUTIONS Reference: http://www.sciencebyjones.com/safety_rules.htm Thanks to the Flinn Scientific Safety Rules for much of the below. General Guidelines 1. Conduct yourself in a responsible manner at all times
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Analysis of an Unknown Mixture Performed: 2/13/14 Submitted: 3/3/14 Abstract: The purpose of this experiment was to separate and identify the two unknown compounds. The sample used was 105 and it contain 2-propanol and 2-heptanone. IR spectrums were taken of the contents of the second and sixth test tubes and showed the presence of an OH functional group and a small amount of ketone in test tube two and a large presence of ketone in test tube six. The average boiling points of the test tubes
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CHEMISTRY (Theory) Time allowed : 3 hours General Instructions: (i) All questions are compulsory. Maximum Marks : 70 (ii) Marks for each question are indicated against it. (iii) Question numbers 1 to 8 are very short-answer questions and carry 1 mark each. (iv) Question numbers 9 to 18 are short-answer questions and carry 2 marks each. (v) Question numbers 19 to 27 are also short-answer questions and carry 3 marks each. (vi) Question numbers 28 to 30 are long-answer questions and carry 5 marks
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out an order that if there is any influences and which of these temperatures make the biggest influence. Objects Experiment A: There will be six test tubes are set up‚ which contains one control variable and five different types of substrates: Cyclohexanol‚ (1‚ 4) - Cyclohexandiol‚ (1‚ 2) - Cyclohexanediol‚ Catechol‚ Resourcinol. The darkness of these five test tubes will be the depended variables. Experiment B: There will be eleven test tubes are set up‚ which contains one control variable and
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Organic Chemistry - Introduction 1 2812 Basic definitions for organic chemistry Scope Organic chemistry is a vast subject so it is easier to split it into small sections for study. This is usually done by studying compounds which behave in a similar way because they have a particular atom‚ or group of atoms‚ (FUNCTIONAL GROUP) in their structure. Catenation The ability to form bonds between atoms of the same element. Carbon catenates to form chains and rings‚ with single‚ double
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Section 10.10 Balancing Oxidation–Reduction Equations ENERGY General Chemistry 2 (Chem 112) Return to TOC Copyright © Cengage Learning. All rights reserved 1 Section 10.10 Balancing Oxidation–Reduction Equations UNIT 1: ENERGY MODULE 1: ELECTROCHEMICAL ENERGY MODULE 2: NUCLEAR ENERGY MODULE 3: FUELS Return to TOC Copyright © Cengage Learning. All rights reserved 2 Section 10.9 Oxidation–Reduction Reactions Redox Reactions • Reactions in which one
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Electrochemical Series - Define oxidation and reduction in term of loss and gain of oxygen; loss and gain of electrons and change in oxidation state (number). • Oxidation is the loss of electrons; an increase in oxidation state or a gain in oxygen by a molecule‚ atom‚ or ion. • Reduction is the gain of electrons; a decrease in oxidation state or a loss of oxygen by a molecule‚ atom‚ or ion. • OIL RIG (Oxidation is Loss‚ Reduction is Gain) - Rules for assigning the oxidation numbers of an atom. •
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UNIT 5 – ELECTROCHEMISTRY Chapter 9 – Electric Cells 9.1 – Oxidation and Reduction * The term reduction came to be associated with producing metals from their compounds. * Ex. Fe2O3(s) + 3CO(g) 2Fe(s) + 3CO2 * Another substance‚ called a reducing agent causes or promotes the reduction of a metal compound to an elemental metal. In this example‚ it is CO. * Corrosion‚ including the rusting of metals‚ is now understood
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