body are used profusely and the athlete will undergo anaerobic pathways of energy. Therefore at the beginning of the race‚ in order to attain a large amount of ATP or energy in the most efficient way‚ the body perform lipid catabolism via the beta-oxidation pathway. Fats are used as the body does not require energy to be released rapidly until the point when the athlete achieves a relatively stable “metabolic pace.” The production of ATP is quicker from glucose than from fatty acids though‚ from anaerobic
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biological oxidation capacity of a wastewater‚ it is not a measure of the total potential oxidation of the organic compounds present in the wastewater. A number of chemical tests are used to measure this parameter‚ either in terms of the oxygen required for virtually complete oxidation‚ or in terms of the element carbon. Probably the most common test for estimating industrial wastewater strength is the Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) Test. This test essentially measures the chemical oxidation of the
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NITROSYL CHLORIDE 657 NITROSYL CHLORIDE [2696-92-6] Formula: ClNO; MW 65.459 Structure: Cl—N=O. bent molecule‚ N—O bond distance 1.139Å and N—Cl bond distance 1.975Å Uses Nitrosyl chloride is an important component of aqua regia. It is an oxidizing agent in organic synthesis. It also is used as a catalyst. Physical Properties Yellow gas; heavier than air‚ density 2.3 (air=1); gas density 2.872 g/L; liquefies at –5.55°C; liquid density 1.273 g/mL; freezes at –59.4°C; critical temperature 167°C;
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alkaline conditions (the Biuret test) with the oxidation of aromatic protein residues. The Lowry method is best used with protein concentrations of 0.01–1.0 mg/mL and is based on the reaction of Cu+‚ produced by the oxidation of peptide bonds‚ with Folin–Ciocalteu reagent (a mixture of phosphotungstic acid and phosphomolybdic acid in the Folin–Ciocalteu reaction). The reaction mechanism is not well understood‚ but involves reduction of the Folin reagent and oxidation of aromatic residues (mainly tryptophan
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than distilled water‚ which has a pH of 7. How does temperature/the presence of salinity affect the oxidation rate? Pyrite oxidation generates O2 and produces heat. Due to this‚ the acidity and temperature of the surrounding soil/solution will affect the overall reaction rates (4). Biological oxidation only occurs between 0oC and 55oC with an optimum range of 24oC – 45oC (4)‚ but chemical oxidation can happen at a much higher temperature. It is predicted that the PASS will oxidize at a much faster
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OUTCOMES 1. Describe composition of matter and chemical change. 2. Explain trends within the periodic table. 3. Describe Chemical Bonding in its various forms 4. Calculate chemical quantities and stoichiometry 5. Explain Oxidation - Reduction reactions 6. Demonstrate a knowledge of Organic Chemistry (Optional Element) LEARNING OUTCOME | ASSESSMENT CRITERIA | 1. Describe composition of matter and chemical change. | 1.1 Describe the nature of matter in terms of atoms
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is where photosynthesis occurs. Respiration can be defined as the oxidation of the end products of glycolysis with the storage of the energy in the form of ATP. Cellular respiration occurs when oxygen is available‚ and the products are carbon dioxide and water. There are three main pathways in the cellular respiration process. These are: pyruvate oxidation‚ the citric acid cycle‚ and the respiratory chain. Pyruvate oxidation in eukaryotic cells occurs inside the mitochondrion in the inner membrane
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UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA COURSE INFORMATION Confidential Code Course Level Credit Hours Contact Hours : : : : : CHM 556 Organic Chemistry II Degree 4 3 hr (Lecture) 3 hr (Practical) 3 Core CHM 456 Part Course Status Pre-requisite : : : Course Outcomes : Upon completion of this course‚ students should be able to: 1. Determine functional groups present in organic compounds using Infrared Spectroscopy and interpret Nuclear Magnetic Resonance spectra and relate the information to structural
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Greenhouse gas Greenhouse effect schematic showing energy flows between space‚ the atmosphere‚ and Earth’s surface. Energy exchanges are expressed in watts per square meter (W/m2). A greenhouse gas (sometimes abbreviated GHG) is a gas in an atmosphere that absorbs and emits radiation within the thermal infrared range. This process is the fundamental cause of the greenhouse effect.[1] The primary greenhouse gases in the Earth’s atmosphere are water vapor‚ carbon dioxide‚ methane‚ nitrous oxide‚
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Experiment 1: Isolation of Casein from Milk * pH of milk – 6.6 * milk = 87.1% water‚ 4.9 % CHO 3.9 %‚ fats‚ 0.7% minerals Experiment 2: Protein Hydrolysis and Characterization | Reagents | Principle | Test for | Positive Result | Negative Result | Biuret | CuSO4‚ NaOH | Complexation of Cu+2 with amide N atoms | Polypeptide bonds | Violet/purple solution | Blue color solution | Sakaguchi | 10% NaOH‚ 0.02% α-naphtol solution‚ 2% NaOBr | arginine condenses with α-naphtol and NaOH
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