Chemical equations are the symbolic representations of chemical reactions that are made up of reactants and products. It is made up of the chemical formulas of the reactants and the chemical formula of the products. The reactants are the substances or chemicals that takes part in during a reaction and the products are the chemicals are the substances that result from the chemical reaction. Reactants are on the left side of the chemical equation and the products are on the right side of the chemical
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body are used profusely and the athlete will undergo anaerobic pathways of energy. Therefore at the beginning of the race‚ in order to attain a large amount of ATP or energy in the most efficient way‚ the body perform lipid catabolism via the beta-oxidation pathway. Fats are used as the body does not require energy to be released rapidly until the point when the athlete achieves a relatively stable “metabolic pace.” The production of ATP is quicker from glucose than from fatty acids though‚ from anaerobic
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biological oxidation capacity of a wastewater‚ it is not a measure of the total potential oxidation of the organic compounds present in the wastewater. A number of chemical tests are used to measure this parameter‚ either in terms of the oxygen required for virtually complete oxidation‚ or in terms of the element carbon. Probably the most common test for estimating industrial wastewater strength is the Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) Test. This test essentially measures the chemical oxidation of the
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alkaline conditions (the Biuret test) with the oxidation of aromatic protein residues. The Lowry method is best used with protein concentrations of 0.01–1.0 mg/mL and is based on the reaction of Cu+‚ produced by the oxidation of peptide bonds‚ with Folin–Ciocalteu reagent (a mixture of phosphotungstic acid and phosphomolybdic acid in the Folin–Ciocalteu reaction). The reaction mechanism is not well understood‚ but involves reduction of the Folin reagent and oxidation of aromatic residues (mainly tryptophan
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B. Chromic Acid Test/ Jones Oxidation This test is based on the reduction of chromium(IV)‚ which is orange‚ to chromium(III)‚ which is green‚ when an alcohol is oxidized by the reagent. A change in color of the reagent from orange to green represents a positive test. Primary alcohols are oxidized by the reagent to carboxylic aicds; secondary alcohols are oxidized to ketones. Tertiary alcohols are not oxidized at all by the reagent. Hence‚ this reaction can be used to distinguish tertiary alcohols
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The hydride reacts with water to give hydrogen gas. The element X could be? A. K B. Ca C. N D. O 4. Which metal reacts with concentrated NaOH to produce hydrogen gas? A. Al B. Cu C. Fe D. MG 5. In which pair does the named element have the same oxidation number? A. Sulfur in H2S2O7 and H2SO4 B. Mercury in Hg2+ and Hg22+ C. Oxygen in Na2O2 and H2O D. Cobalt in Co(NH3)62+ and Co(NO3)2
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than distilled water‚ which has a pH of 7. How does temperature/the presence of salinity affect the oxidation rate? Pyrite oxidation generates O2 and produces heat. Due to this‚ the acidity and temperature of the surrounding soil/solution will affect the overall reaction rates (4). Biological oxidation only occurs between 0oC and 55oC with an optimum range of 24oC – 45oC (4)‚ but chemical oxidation can happen at a much higher temperature. It is predicted that the PASS will oxidize at a much faster
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is where photosynthesis occurs. Respiration can be defined as the oxidation of the end products of glycolysis with the storage of the energy in the form of ATP. Cellular respiration occurs when oxygen is available‚ and the products are carbon dioxide and water. There are three main pathways in the cellular respiration process. These are: pyruvate oxidation‚ the citric acid cycle‚ and the respiratory chain. Pyruvate oxidation in eukaryotic cells occurs inside the mitochondrion in the inner membrane
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Chemistry Book Notes: Chapter 21: Buffers and the Titration of Acids and Bases 21-1 Henderson-Hasselbalch Equation THE HH EQUATION OFTEN CAN BE USED TO CALCULATE THE pH OF A BUFFER SOLUTION -buffer >a solution containing both a weak acid and its conjugate base can resist a change in pH by neutralizing either an added acid or an added base. Ex. acetic acid-acetate soln (acid with conj. Base) > Kc for a buffer reaction can = 1/Ka or 1/Kb if you add an acid or base because
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Experiment 1: Isolation of Casein from Milk * pH of milk – 6.6 * milk = 87.1% water‚ 4.9 % CHO 3.9 %‚ fats‚ 0.7% minerals Experiment 2: Protein Hydrolysis and Characterization | Reagents | Principle | Test for | Positive Result | Negative Result | Biuret | CuSO4‚ NaOH | Complexation of Cu+2 with amide N atoms | Polypeptide bonds | Violet/purple solution | Blue color solution | Sakaguchi | 10% NaOH‚ 0.02% α-naphtol solution‚ 2% NaOBr | arginine condenses with α-naphtol and NaOH
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