Experiment 1: Isolation of Casein from Milk * pH of milk – 6.6 * milk = 87.1% water‚ 4.9 % CHO 3.9 %‚ fats‚ 0.7% minerals Experiment 2: Protein Hydrolysis and Characterization | Reagents | Principle | Test for | Positive Result | Negative Result | Biuret | CuSO4‚ NaOH | Complexation of Cu+2 with amide N atoms | Polypeptide bonds | Violet/purple solution | Blue color solution | Sakaguchi | 10% NaOH‚ 0.02% α-naphtol solution‚ 2% NaOBr | arginine condenses with α-naphtol and NaOH
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Greenhouse gas Greenhouse effect schematic showing energy flows between space‚ the atmosphere‚ and Earth’s surface. Energy exchanges are expressed in watts per square meter (W/m2). A greenhouse gas (sometimes abbreviated GHG) is a gas in an atmosphere that absorbs and emits radiation within the thermal infrared range. This process is the fundamental cause of the greenhouse effect.[1] The primary greenhouse gases in the Earth’s atmosphere are water vapor‚ carbon dioxide‚ methane‚ nitrous oxide‚
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Sir Safar Lecture 2 Finals Pentose Phosphate Pathway (S. 70) Alternative pathway for glucose oxidation. Similar to glycolysis‚ but instead of having pyruvate as the end product it is diverted to other pathways. Supplier of energy to the cell in the form of NADPH (a reducing power for biosynthesis). It is also referred to as hexose monophosphate shunt. *Fate of glucose 6-phosphate (G 6-P) IN THE PPP (S. 71) Taken out from glycolysis and converted into Ribulose 5-phosphate. With the conversion
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UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA COURSE INFORMATION Confidential Code Course Level Credit Hours Contact Hours : : : : : CHM 556 Organic Chemistry II Degree 4 3 hr (Lecture) 3 hr (Practical) 3 Core CHM 456 Part Course Status Pre-requisite : : : Course Outcomes : Upon completion of this course‚ students should be able to: 1. Determine functional groups present in organic compounds using Infrared Spectroscopy and interpret Nuclear Magnetic Resonance spectra and relate the information to structural
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nitrogen(V) oxide e. dinitrogen pentoxide 3. 13 atoms a. How many atoms are represented by the formula Ca(HSO4)2? 4.0 mol b. How many moles of oxygen atoms are in a 0.50 mol sample of this compound? +6 c. Assign the oxidation number to sulfur in the HSO4 _ anion. 4. Assign the oxidation number to the element specified in each of the following: +1 a. hydrogen in H2O2 _1 b. hydrogen in MgH2 0 c. sulfur in S8 +4 d. carbon in (CO3)2_ +6 e. chromium in Na2Cr2O7 +4 f. nitrogen in NO2 5. c‚ b‚ d‚
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squalane within media groups. This further supports the general growth-enhancing effects of the substance‚ but does not conclusively demonstrate its mechanism. Unfortunately‚ the third experiment in which acrylic acid was used to inhibit the β-oxidation pathway did not clarify the origin of this effect. The absence of difference between growth of samples with acrylic acid‚ with and without squalane is ambiguous in its interpretation. This may mean that the
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Severe weather conditions such as hail and storm • Excess snowfall on the roof for a long duration of period • Natural wear and tear or oxidation from UV rays • Insufficient maintenance • Ignoring small leaks for quite a number of days or weeks These damages can appear in a number of ways‚ including leaks‚ flipping‚ curling‚ excessive oxidation. The best part of a cedar roof is that it can be restored easily by hiring a professional contractor.
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Redox reactions (Redox terminology‚ galvanic cells‚ standard electrode potentials‚ strength of oxidizing/reducing agents‚ corrosion and protection against it) Oxidation is defined as the loss of electrons and reduction is defined as the gain of electrons. Oxidizing agents‚ such as oxygen are defined as substances which accept electrons; reducing agents are substances which donate electrons. Redox reactions are: a) The reactions of metals with non-metals 2Na+Cl2→2Na+Cl- b) The reactions
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this reaction. The conversion of light energy can go through two pathways: noncyclic and cyclic. In noncyclic light transport‚ both Photosystems II and I are involved producing ATP and NADPH. Photosystem II absorbs 680 nm of light energy‚ with the oxidation of water; chlorophyll absorbs light‚ entering an excited state and becomes very unstable. It quickly returns to ground state by releasing the absorbed energy to another chlorophyll. The chlorophyll then oxidizes an electron‚ which goes into the electron
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decomposition of calcium acetate or the carbohydrate fermentation of corn starch or molasses. The ready availability of propylene in the 1960s led to routes based on the dehydrogenation of isopropyl alcohol or cumene peroxidation. (1) By Cumene Oxidation (Hock Process). Propene is added to benzene [71-43-2] to form cumene [98-82-8]‚ which is then oxidized by air to cumene hydroperoxide‚ and cleaved in the presence of an acid catalyst like zeolite. Phenol [108-95-2] and acetone [67-64-1] produced
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