Benzil is produced in the first step of this experiment’s multistep synthesis through the oxidation of benzoin. In order to produce the desired o-diketone‚ the alcohol on benzoin must be oxidized. Nitric acid was the oxidizing agent used in this experiment. As a result‚ the alcohol group on benzoin acted as the nucleophile and attacked the electrophilic nitrogen of nitric acid. As this step forms oxonium‚ excess water in the system deprotonated the oxonium to restore the neutral charge on oxygen
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Copper-Catalyzed Oxidation of Benzoin to Benzil prepared by Carl T. Wigal‚ Lebanon Valley College PURPOSE OF THE EXPERIMENT Oxidize benzoin to benzil using ammonium nitrate and copper(II) ion as a catalyst‚ monitoring the reaction by thin-layer chromatography. Characterize the product using melting point measurement and infrared spectroscopy. EXPERIMENTAL OPTIONS Semi-Microscale Oxidation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Microscale Oxidation . . . . . .
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using Potassium permanganate which is a strong oxidizing agent‚ with unknown sample dissolved in deionized water. The result of the experiment was a 99.5% purity for the anhydrous iron (II) ammonium sulfate. Introduction: In this experiment‚ oxidation/reduction (or redox) will be used in the titration analysis of an iron compound. We will use potassium permanganate‚ KMnO4‚ as the titrant in the analysis of an unknown sample containing iron to determine the percent iron by mass in the sample
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This experiment was a Landolt Iodine clock reaction - Oxidation of Bisulphite by Iodate. It involved conducting three measured experiments. The first variable tested was concencentration. This was tested by conducting two experiments‚ each varying the concentration of either the NaHSO3 or KIO3. The varying of NaHSO3 involved using 0.1 Molar of KIO3 against decreasing concentrations of NaHSO3 (0.25 M‚ 0.125 M‚ 0.0625 M and 0.03125 M). When decreasing the concentration of KIO3‚ 0.25 M of NaHSO3 was
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I myself believe that the human story was true and that the animal story was his metaphor for his experiences‚ but I am yet to figure out what each symbol means in the novel’s moral/theme. On another note‚ I have pieced together the animals in my "Puzzle for Understanding Life of Pi." There is significance as to why Pi (and/or Richard Parker) survived on the boat‚ while the others perished (hyena‚ frenchman‚ Pi’s mother‚ etc.) Here it goes: The hyena represented manliness on one level. He also was
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Solving Sudoku Puzzles Tom Kigezi Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering‚ Makerere University‚ Kampala‚ Uganda Abstract— Sudoku‚ the logic based combinatorial numberplacement puzzle has gained worldwide fame among mathematicians and scientists alike in the field of Computational Game Theory. Notably‚ a vast majority of computer-based algorithms available for solving these puzzles try to mimic human logic in their implementation‚ making them liable to errors from puzzle inconsistencies
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· J. Büchs Glucose oxidation by Gluconobacter oxydans: characterization in shaking-flasks‚ scale-up and optimization of the pH profile Received: 20 September 2002 / Revised: 3 December 2002 / Accepted: 6 December 2002 / Published online: 26 February 2003 Springer-Verlag 2003 Abstract In this study‚ the advantage of a novel measuring device for the online determination of oxygen and carbon dioxide transfer rates in shaking-flasks is reported for glucose oxidation by Gluconobacter oxydans
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Introduction Reduction/Oxidation (Redox) reactions are ones that change the oxidation state of a compound. The oxidation state refers to the acquired charge (gained or lost electrons) of an element in relation to its original charge (i.e. S + 2e- S2+); in a compound‚ the overall oxidation state is calculated by adding all the charges of the elements present. The addition of electrons makes the element “reduced” and the loss of electrons is called “oxidized”. These reactions can be carried out
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blend appears to mean the blending of different personalities and temperance to form a unique blend. After personally assessing my behavioral blend based on my personality and through the guidance given by Carbonell in the text How to Solve the People Puzzle: Understanding Personality Patterns (2008)‚ I found out that I have an S/C behavior blend. This means that I am both people-oriented and task-oriented‚ with my primary focus placed on individuals rather than crowds. This also means that my basic motivators
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Prolog: Hanjie Puzzle Solver Lu´ıs Cleto and Jo˜ao Marinheiro FEUP-PLOG‚ Turma 3MIEIC05‚ Group 23 {ei11077‚ei11129}@fe.up.pt http://www.fe.up.pt Abstract. The purpose of this project was to use constraint logic programming in Prolog to implement a solver for the 2D puzzle‚ Hanjie. For this purpose we used the clp(FD) library provided by SICStus Prolog 4.2.3‚ specifically the sum/3 and automaton/3 combinatorial constraints. The program we developed is able to solve puzzles with dimensions
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