• The reactions of the citric acid cycle include two other oxidative decarboxylation‚ which transform citrate into succinate. • The cycle is complete by regenaration of oxaloacetate from succinate in a multistep process that includes two other oxidation reactions. Pyruvate + 4NAD+ + FAD + GDP + Pi + 2H2O 3CO2 + 4NADH + FADH2 + GTP + 4H+ • The cycle is strongly exergonic. Pyruvate is Converted to Acetyl-CoA Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex is responsible for the conversion of pyruvate
Premium Citric acid cycle Metabolism
mutate the bacteria without microsomal activation though‚ the bacteria contains nitro reductases which activate them. Many hair dye components such as‚ pphenylenediamine‚ 2‚5diaminotoluene‚ and 2‚5diaminoanisole become strongly mutagenic after oxidation by H2O2 gives a very strong mutagenic response with strain when sulfur is present‚ which is located in the hair. As mentioned before‚ it can be hard to know what the results of these studies mean‚ due to many other factors that might affect the
Premium Dye Color English-language films
amount of ATP is used to a low level of activity‚ with only a small amount being used. The ATP in the muscle fibres is enough to allow muscle contractions for a few seconds. When muscle contraction continues more ATP is needed. Aerobic glycolysis Oxidation of glucose requires a different enzyme and a coenzyme for each step. Coenzyme A is used at this stage in cellular respiration‚ which is derived from from a B vitamin called pantothenic acid. During the transitional between glycolysis and the Krebs
Premium Adenosine triphosphate Metabolism Muscle
Compiled SCH4U Course Review Unit 1: Atomic Structure and Bonding Section 3.3 Electron Configurations and Periodic Trends (pg. 139-157) Feb. 11 For single electron system all orbitals with the same value of have the same energy Atoms with more than 1 electron with the same value of n have different energies (sublevels) Because of interactions between additional electrons All orbitals within a sublevel have the same energy The Fourth Quantum Number: A property of the electron (spin quantum
Premium Electron configuration Chemical bond Energy
similar result. Frielander‚ Casazza‚ Horning‚ Buddinger‚ and Brooks (1998) executed a similar experiment where females exercised for an hour at 45 and 65% of their VO2 max and the results showed that at the first fifteen minutes of exercise the fat oxidation decreased‚ an increase in CHO metabolism‚ and the blood glucose concentration decreased. In our
Premium Metabolism Nutrition Fat
theoretical oxygen demands for sodium acetate =0.024 x (16x2) =0.768 g oxygen/g sodium acetate 3. What percent of oxidation of glucose is obtained in the COD test ? (3marks) The experimental COD (mg/l)value for glucose =[(24.85-19.90)x0.1002 x8000]/20.00 = 198.396mg/l Oxygen demand of glucose =(198.396/1000)/(300/1000) = 0.661g oxygen/g glucose Percent of oxidation of glucose =[(0.661 g oxygen/g glucose)/(1.067g oxygen/g glucose)]x100% =61.95% 4. Explain‚ qualitatively‚ the
Premium Chemical oxygen demand Acetic acid Carbon
CoA). 1 mole of glucose produce 2 moles of ATP or 1 mole of glycogen produces 3 moles of ATP. * In the Kreb Cycle system‚ once the acetyl CoA is formed‚ it enters the krebs cycle‚ a complex series of chemical reactions that permit the complete oxidation of acetyl coenzyme A. in this process‚ the carbohydrate has been broken down into carbon and hydrogen. The remaining carbon then combines with oxygen to form carbon dioxide. The hydrogen ion released conbines with 2 coenzymes which are NAD (nicotinamide
Premium Adenosine triphosphate Metabolism Cellular respiration
preservation and food industry. Tea catechins have many effects on food‚ especially preventing lipid oxidation by its antioxidant ability. In this report‚ chelating activity of catechins on Fe2+ ions and free radical scavenging ability on chicken meat to prevent rancidity by lipid oxidation at different concentrations and with different types of TC were studied. Keywords: Tea catechin (TC)‚ lipid oxidation‚ antioxidants. 1. Introduction Catechins are a type of antioxidant found in the greatest abundance
Premium Green tea Catechin Antioxidant
4 13 May 2012 Redox Reactions Lab Report We wished to investigate the oxidation number of a metal that would form aqueous ions when reacted with an aqueous nitrate salt. For this purpose‚ we chose to investigate the reaction of solid copper metal‚ in the form of a wire‚ with aqueous silver nitrate. Before we began the lab‚ we hypothesized that when silver nitrate‚ AgNO3‚ reacts with copper‚ Cu‚ the oxidation number of silver (Ag) ions that form will be +1. The unbalanced chemical equation
Premium
Synthesis of Phenols You can prepare phenols in large quantities by the pyrolysis of the sodium salt of benzene sulfonic acid‚ by the Dow process‚ and by the air oxidation of cumene. Each of these processes is described below. You can also prepare small amounts of phenol by the peroxide oxidation of phenylboronic acid and the hydrolysis of diazonium salts. Pyrolysis of sodium benzene sulfonate In this process‚ benzene sulfonic acid is reacted with aqueous sodium hydroxide. The resulting salt
Premium Oxygen Sodium hydroxide Alcohol