Experiment 8: Synthesis of Adipic Acid Performed November 8th & 10th By Jennifer Seitz Organic Chemistry 344 Section 803 Fall 2011 Objective: The purpose of this experiment was to synthesize adipic acid from cyclohexanol via an oxidation reaction that was catalyzed by sulfuric acid. Purity of the product was assessed by measuring the melting point. Physical Properties/Structures: Name | Formula | Molecular Weight (g/mol) | Boiling Point (0C) | Melting Point(0C) | Density(g/mL)
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As mentioned before‚ browning in bananas is an enzymatic process where enzymes such as polyphenol oxidase serve as catalysts in the oxidation of several phenolic compounds. In this experiment however‚ the only reaction being tested is the oxidation of catechol (a diphenol) by the enzyme catalyst catechol oxidase or polyphenol oxidase‚ which initiates a chain of reactions and eventually triggers the formation of brown pigments known as catechol-melanins. Catechol‚ also called 1‚2-dihydroxybenzene
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reactions. All chemical reactions where the oxidation numbers of atoms are changed are called redox reactions. Acid-base reactions hold similar characteristics that redox reactions do. Basically‚ redox reactions can be described as a group of reactions that focus on the transfer of electrons. Similarly to acid-base reaction‚ a reduction reaction must be happening simultaneously with an oxidation reaction (Masterton‚ 2008). A loss of electron is called oxidation while reduction is an increase of electrons
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electron transfer between the reactions runs through an external wire the oxidation and reduction reactions are physically separated from each other‚ so they are called half-cell reactions A half-cell can be prepared with almost any metal in contact with a solution of its ions. Each elements own unique electron configuration means that each element has a different electrical potential‚ so different combinations of oxidation and reduction half-cells result different voltages for the completed electrochemical
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converted into ATP. By adding one phosphate molecule to ADP‚ it becomes ATP. 4. Differentiate between oxidation and reduction reactions. Oxidation is a process‚ in which the atom or ion is increasing its oxidation sate. This will result in loss of electrons. The species that are being oxidized‚ are the reduction agents. Reduction is a process‚ by which the atom or ion is decreasing its oxidation state. This will result in a gain of electrons. Here‚ the species that are being reduced are the oxidizing
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of these organelles were also further discovered and understood. Peroxisomes are membrane-bound organelle that are found in all eukaryotic cells participate in many metabolic reactions within the cell. These reactions include “β-oxidation of fatty acids‚ α-oxidation of branched chain fatty acids and ether lipid biosynthesis” (Faust et al.‚ 2012). Alberts et al. (2002) state that these peroxisomes have the ability to remove hydrogen atoms from various fatty acids and hydrocarbons using oxygen in
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products. Cellular respiration contains multiple steps including glycolysis‚ pyruvate oxidation‚ the Kreb’s Cycle‚ and the electron transport chain. Each of these complex steps are performed in order to produce
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The Identification and Production of Materials 1. Fossil fuels provide both energy and raw materials such as ethylene‚ for the production of other substances. Students Learn To: .2 Identify the industrial source of ethylene from the cracking of some of the fractions from the refining of petroleum. • Ethylene is produced either from natural gas or crude oil‚ which are mixtures of hydrocarbons. One method involves… Cracking: a process by which hydrocarbons with higher molecular
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THE 4 QUALITIES OF GOOD WATER by Dr. Robert O. Young There are many measurements of water‚ but the most important for determining the best water to drink are‚ the pH‚ oxidative reduction potential—or energy potential/activity—molecular structure‚ and purity. Science has helped us to determine that the best measurements for our drinking water are the pH and purity‚ but little understood is the importance of the molecular structure of water. Assuming that most waters that humans are drinking
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and Photosynthesis 8.1 Cell respiration 8.1.1 State that oxidation involves the loss of electrons from an element‚ whereas reduction involves a gain of electrons; and that oxidation frequently involves gaining oxygen or losing hydrogen‚ whereas reduction frequently involves losing oxygen or gaining hydrogen Oxidation involves the loss of electrons from an element‚ whereas reduction involves a gain of electrons; and that oxidation frequently involves gaining oxygen or losing hydrogen‚ whereas
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