Reminder: These notes are meant to supplement‚ not replace the laboratory manual. SN1 Reaction Notes Background and Application Substitution Nucleophilic First Order (SN1) reactions are one of the most common type of organic reactions. SN1 reactions can be used to make a wide variety of new compounds. In this experiment‚ t-amyl alcohol will be converted by a SN1 mechanism to 2-chloro-2-methylbutane. Safety Precautions Concentrated Hydrochloric Acid is 12M. It will cause visible destruction
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Lab #5: Grignard Reaction – Synthesis of Triphenylmethanol John Kang Chem 152L Performed: 7/20/04 Date submitted: ________________ Lab Partners: Sang Lee‚ Vicky Lai TA: John Stanko Abstract: This experiment explored the synthesis of triphenylmethanol through the use of Grignard reagents. The percent yield of the product was 10% on a relatively humid day. The melting point was calculate to be 127.2oC with a literature value of 162oC. An IR spectrum of the product was taken and used
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Chemical Reaction Lab Well #1 CuCl2 + Al (shot) - Bubbling - Turning reddish-maroon - 33oC Well #2 CuCl2 + Al (foil) - Bubbling‚ but less than well #1 - Turning black - 28oC Well #3 CuCl2 + Zn - Turned black then red - No bubbling - 29oC Well #4 CuCl2 + NH4OH - Cloudy - No bubbling - 26oC Well #5 CuCl2 + NaCO3 - Not mixing with CuCl2 - Heterogeneous - 25oC Well #6 CuCl2 + AgNO3 - Cloudy - Top layer is white -29oC 1. The more pronounced reaction was the aluminum
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Kinetics Kinetics 6.1 Rates of reaction 6.2 Collision theory 6 16.1 Rate Expression (AHL) 16.2 Reaction mechanism (AHL) 16.3 Activation energy (AHL) 6.1 Rates of reaction 6.1.1 Define the term rate of reaction. 6.1.2 Describe suitable experimental procedures for measuring rates of reactions. 6.1.3 Analyse data from rate experiments. © IBO 2007 Figure 601 An explosion is a quick reaction D ifferent chemical reactions occur at different rates (i.e. speeds)
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complex reactions and reaction sequences‚ where raw materials react together to give the product. Such chemical process often releases energy‚ in the form of heat‚ and the reaction is described as exothermic. Many of these reactions may also evolve gases at high rates‚ and could cause reactor over-pressure. Thermal runaway reaction Runaway reactions are thermally unstable reactions where the heat of reaction can raise the temperature of the reactants sufficiently to accelerate the reaction rate out
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Metals and Halogens reactions Elements such as fluorine‚ chlorine‚ bromine‚ iodine‚ and astatine belong to Group 7‚ Halogens. At room temperature‚ fluorine is a yellow gas‚ chlorine is a pale green gas‚ bromine is a red liquid‚ and iodine is a purple solid. Astatine is a radioactive element‚ therefore it exists only in small amounts. All the halogens exist in diatomic molecules. They have high ionization energies and are the most electronegative elements. Their electron configuration ns2 np5 make
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Elimination Reactions ________________________________________ As described previously‚ primary alkyl halides generally undergo substitution reactions with simple nucleophiles by an SN2 mechanism. Secondary alkyl halides‚ often react with simple basic nucleophiles to give a mixture of products arising from both substitution and elimination. As with substitution reactions‚ the rate at which elimination reactions proceed can be proportional to both the concentration of the base and the concentration
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My Reaction to Apollo 13 The movie Apollo13 is great but little kind of boring. Tom Hanks is a great artist! He is my idol. One of his great movie is Forrest Gump. By the way‚ The Apollo13 is America’s third moon landing mission. En route‚ an onboard explosion deprives their spacecraft of most of its oxygen supply and electric power‚ forcing NASA’s flight controllers to abort the Moon landing‚ and turning the mission into a struggle to get the three men home safely. I thought Jim’s wife was his
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ENGINEERING Reaction Engineering CGC035 / CGC052 Problem Sheet 3 - Fluid-fluid reactions 1. The reaction rate for the heterogeneous reaction A(g) + B(l)→ products is second order according to the expression -rA=kCACB and it is relatively slow compared to mass transfer so it takes place in the bulk of the liquid. Combine the following rate expressions for diffusion through the gas and liquid films‚ -rA=kAga(pA-pAi) and -rA=kAlaCAi-CA‚ with Henry’s law pAi=HACAi and the reaction rate
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Summary This experiment will measure the rate of oxidation of iodide ions by persulphate ions to derive the rate law for the reaction. Starch will be added to the reaction to facilitate the measure of time during the reaction. The reactant solutions will contain (NH4)2SO4 and KI‚ represented as: (NH4)2S2O8 + 2KI -> I2 + (NH4)2SO4 + K2SO4 This can be simplified to: S2O82- + 2I- -> I2 + 2SO42- These equations can only be carried out and be visible after the iodine has completely
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