acid rain Acid rain is rain or any other form of precipitation that is unusually acidic. It has harmful effects on plants‚ aquatic animals‚ and infrastructure. Acid rain is mostly caused by human emissions of sulfur and nitrogen compounds which react in the atmosphere to produce acids. In recent years‚ many governments have introduced laws to reduce these emissions. Emissions from volcanoes and those from biological processes that occur on the land‚ in wetlands‚ and in the oceans account for the
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able to dissolve some kinds of rocks‚ like feldspar and limestone‚ in a process called carbonation. Many caves begin forming during the process of carbonation. On the other hand‚ any mineral that reacts with oxygen in the atmosphere will produce an oxide. Therefore‚ when an object made of iron is left exposed to the atmosphere it will oxidize and rust will form on the surface. Oxidation produces a reddish-brownish colour. 2. Draw & label a diagram to show how plants and animals break down
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hydroxide (d) (e) iron (II) hydroxide none of these d 3. From the following ionic compounds‚ choose the name-formula pair that is not correctly matched. (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) sodium sulfide ammonium nitrate zinc hydroxide sodium sulfate calcium oxide Na2S NH4NO3 Zn(OH)2 Na2SO3 CaO b 4. How many atoms of hydrogen are in 1.00 mole of water? (a) (b) (c) 6.02 x 1023 atoms 1.20 x 1024 atoms 1.81 x 1024 atoms (d) ( e) 2.41 x 1024 atoms 3.01 x 1023 atoms a 5. How many atoms of carbon are present
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In medical facilities it is necessary to equips materials and surfaces with a high level of hygiene using antimicrobial agents to protect them against bacteria and other micro organisms to prevent infections caused by bacteria and contribute significantly to reduce health costs. Benefits of nanoscale coatings in this sector include long lasting antimicrobial effect‚ constant release of the active substance‚ effectiveness against bacteria and other micro-organisms‚ no chemical impurities‚ easy processing
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vertical arrow indicates that gas is released. This reaction is very slow‚ due to passivation‚ so to speed it up‚ iron and salt are added. Passivation is the process by which a material is made less reactive‚ usually by the deposition of a layer of oxide on its surface: if you place a strip of magnesium into cold water‚ its surface will oxidise to magnesium hydroxide (Mg(OH)2)‚ and this coating will prevent further reaction. Therefore‚ in the heater meal‚ iron is added to the magnesium‚ leading to
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Chemical Reactions Chemical Change • reorganization • original substances form new substances with different formulas • may or may not involve a change of state • symbols used to describe chemical reaction are known as a chemical equation • Chemical equations do not have equal signs (=) they have an arrow Chemical Equations • Must follow the Law of Conservation of Matter • atoms can neither be created or destroyed during a chemical reaction • What
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PERCENTAGE COMPOSITION WORKSHEET 1. Calculate the COMPLETE percentage composition (by mass) of the following: (a) iron (III) oxide (Fe = 70.0%‚ O = 30.0%) (b) barium phosphate (Ba = 68.4%‚ P = 10.3%‚ O= 21.3%) 2. What is the percentage of sodium (by mass) in sodium phosphate? (42.1%) 3. For the hydrate sodium sulfate decahydrate‚ calculate the following: (a) the percent of sodium (by mass) in the hydrate (14.3%) (b) percent of TOTAL oxygen (by mass) in
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CHLORINE DIOXIDE AND CHLORITE 105 7. ANALYTICAL METHODS The purpose of this chapter is to describe the analytical methods that are available for detecting‚ measuring‚ and/or monitoring chlorine dioxide and chlorite‚ its metabolites‚ and other biomarkers of exposure and effect to chlorine dioxide and chlorite. The intent is not to provide an exhaustive list of analytical methods. Rather‚ the intention is to identify well-established methods that are used as the standard methods of analysis
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Review of Related Literature Chalk is a type of limestone. Air and water do not wear chalk away easily‚ so when chalk is next to the sea‚ it often makes a largecliff. The "White Cliffs of Dover" in Kent‚ England are a good example of this. When chalk is near the top of the ground‚ it often makes chalk hills. Chalk holds water‚ so these chalk hills have a lot of water in them‚ and when the weather is very dry‚ water comes slowly from the chalk. Chalk is mostly formed from the calcareous (CaCO3)
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passed through a converter.The sulphur dioxide is oxidized to sulphur trioxide. 2SO (g) + O (g)→ 2SO (g) b) Optimum conditions used are as follows. (i) temperature: 450。C (ii) Pressure: 1 atmosphere (iii) Catalyst: Vanadium (V) oxide‚ V O c) About 97% conversion occurs under these optimum conditions. 6. Stage III: Production of sulphuric acid a) The sulphur trioxide is first dissolved in concentrated sulphuric acid to form a product called oleum‚ H S O b) Sulphur trioxide is
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