Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater 5210 BIOCHEMICAL OXYGEN DEMAND (BOD)*#(1) 5220 CHEMICAL OXYGEN DEMAND (COD)*#(2) 5220 A. Introduction Chemical oxygen demand (COD) is defined as the amount of a specified oxidant that reacts with the sample under controlled conditions. The quantity of oxidant consumed is expressed in terms of its oxygen equivalence. Because of its unique chemical properties‚ the dichromate ion (Cr2O72–) is the specified oxidant in Methods
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Oxygen is one of the most important and abundant elements on Earth. About 46 percent of the Earth’s crust is oxygen. It is colorless and odorless and makes up about 20.95 percent of the atmosphere by volume. Oxygen exists in water as part of water molecule‚ in the atmosphere as a gas‚ in the Earth’s crust and in an enormous variety of rocks and minerals. It can also be released from the plants through photosynthesis. Moreover it is very essential for life and is part of almost every biological molecule
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Title: the mechanism of carbon dioxide and oxygen exchange in the respiratory of human Abstract The purpose of the experiment is to determine gas exchange activity in the respiratory system of human. The first lab for comparing the room and breathe temperature was to understand the function of the nasal cavity where the gas passed after an inhalation. The second lab for changing of chest circumference and abdomen circumference between inspiration and expiration was to know how the air moved in
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Antioxidant Effects on Reactive Oxygen Species Abstract Antioxidants are among key molecules for a healthy living. Antioxidants are molecules that prevent damage of cells through inhibition of oxidizing agents such as free radicals. This experiment was aimed at investigating the role of antioxidant on the inhibition of reactive oxygen species. To demonstrate this‚ quercetin was used as antioxidant and its effect on reactive oxygen species examined. RAW 264.7 cells
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of dissolved oxygen? Ⅰ. Introduction Dissolved oxygen is just one of the many ways to measure water quality. It means the volume of oxygen that is contained in water. The amount of dissolved oxygen in water usually determines the quantity of organisms living in that water. Dissolved oxygen levels vary by how much oxygen the water can hold‚ how much oxygen is produced by photosynthesis‚ and how much oxygen is consumed by respiration. If water is too warm‚ there may not be enough oxygen in it. Just
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Increased muscular activity results in a decreased partial pressure of oxygen‚ an increased partial pressure of carbon dioxide‚ a reduced PH‚ and an increased temperature. Consequently as much as 73% of the oxygen picked up by haemoglobin in the lungs is released in skeletal muscles during periods of physical exercise. Utilisation When we inhale air‚ oxygen is transported to the lungs and can be utilised by the body to stay alive. Oxygen is used to produce ATP for energy “the principle energy transferring
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Heated and Humidified High-Flow Oxygen Therapy Reduces Discomfort During Hypoxemic Respiratory Failure This research article was written after a randomized study was done to evaluate the effects that heated and humidified high flow oxygen therapy has on patients that suffer from hypoxemic respiratory failure. In general when a patient is admitted to the hospital and placed on a high flow oxygen device there is no heat or humidity added to the supplemental oxygen the patient is getting. As anyone
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then it does not allow the oxygen to bind in the electron transport chain. In this case it would not be able to blind to cytochrome C oxidase. If cyanide is present in high doses then the individual could die due to loss of oxygen in the body. 2. Although cyanide halts cellular respiration oxygen is still present in the cell due to the function of the Electron Transport Chain. Before Cyanide is present the electron transport chain is functioning normally‚ allowing oxygen to bind. Once cyanide comes
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police-patrol programs each year. In Tennessee‚ a study on saturation patrol reliability was conducted. It was analyzed through the results of patrols during the day and night. A saturation patrol is a method that involves multiple officers placed in specific locations that have high rates of DUI cases. Enforcing more saturation patrols will eventually lessen the possibility of alcohol-impaired driving of a community. Conducting more saturation patrols will result in having more control of stopping multiple
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Title: Laboratory 2: Measurement of Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) Objective To determine the amount of oxygen necessary for biological oxidation of wastewater effluent and determine the amount of oxygen required by bacteria while stabilizing decomposable organic matter. Methodology Apparatus ; Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) meter‚ Dissolved Oxygen bottle (DO bottle)‚ pipette‚ Teflon tape‚ dilution water‚ incubator machine. Procedure; Add 300 ml dilute water then take DO reading immediately
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