bottom of the still with aluminum foil. Then periodically transfer the distillate from the Hickman head to a 15 mL screw cap centrifuge tube and continue the steam distillation until 5–8 mL of distillate have been collected. Then we started the extraction process by adding 2 mL of CH2Cl3 to the water–eugenol emulsion. Cap the tube and shake it frequently. We then allowed the layers to separate and transferred the CH2Cl2–eugenol solution to a clean‚ dry 5- mL conical vial. We made sure no water was
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Experiment 11b: Isolation of Caffeine from a Tea Bag October 12‚2012 Purpose: The objective of this experiment is to extract caffeine from tea bags using the method of extraction. After the caffeine is extracted it is then compared to the nutritional facts amount per serving on the tea bags box. Supplies: Glassware: 1. 50.0 m L graduated cylinder 2. 150.0 mL beaker 3. 2-glass stirring rod 4. 6-test tubes 5. 2-glass pipettes 6. 2-50.0 mL Erlenmeyer flasks 7. glass funnel Hardware:
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costly to extract the iron from oxide minerals like hematite (Fe2O3)‚ magnetite (Fe3O4)‚ or limonite [Fe(OH)]. Although iron also occurs in olivines‚ pyroxenes‚ amphiboles‚ and biotite‚ the concentration of iron in these minerals is less‚ and cost of extraction is increased because strong bonds between iron‚ silicon‚ and oxygen must be broken. * Aluminum is the third most abundant mineral in the Earth’s crust. It occurs in the most common minerals of the
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1.Explain how human interference in the water cycle can affect water availability The water cycle is the process of evaporation‚ condensation and precipitation of water on Earth including rain water and how it is distributed. Human factors such as forest clearing‚ urban construction and changes in land use can all affect the distribution of water. Infiltration can be affected by forest clearance. This also affects percolation and the water table. When there is rain the forests holds a lot of rainfall
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Sources of Water Pollution in Textile Industries Process waste from sizing Chemical processing: - desizing‚ scouring‚ bleaching‚ mercerising‚ dyeing‚ printing and finishing Waste water from rinsing and washing after each step of processing Miscellaneous waste:- Cooling water‚ Boiler blow down‚ floor and machine washing‚ spills and leaks. Sanitary waste and domestic waste. PRACTICAL APPROACH TOWARDS WATER POLLUTION CONTROL Reduction in the water volume. Reduction in the conc. /amount of chemicals
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Background; Readings on Vapor pressure‚ Raoult’s Law from TRO: A mixture of the essential oils‚ eugenol and acetyleugenol‚ will be steam distilled from cloves. These compounds are isolated from aqueous distillate by extraction into dichloromethane. The dichloromethane solution is shaken with aqueous sodium hydroxide‚ which will react with eugenol‚ to yield the sodium salt of eugenol in the basic aqueous layer‚ and acetyleugenol in the organic layer. The basic aqueous
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Zarhloule Y.‚ Rimi A.‚ Houadi B.E.‚ “Evaluation of climate change effects in a coastal aquifer in Morocco using a density dependent numerical model”‚ Environmental Earth Science‚ vol. 61‚ pp. 241 – 252‚ 2010. [7] Chattopadhyay‚ N. and Hulme‚ M.‚ 1997. Evaporation and potential evapotranspiration in India under conditions of recent and future climate change. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology 87‚ 55-73. [8] Dunn S.M.‚ Brown I.‚ Sample J.‚ Post H. “Relationship between climate‚ water resource‚ land use and
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Today‚ certain antibiotics are used in fighting certain diseases caused by pathogenic bacteria such as Salmonella enterica and Escherichia coli. However‚ due to the improper usage of these antibiotics and the increasing antibiotic resistance of the bacteria‚ a lot of the medicines commonly used before to fight the same bacteria are now considered ineffective and because of it‚ scientists try to find ways such as discovering new antibiotics or recommending to the citizens some procedures and ways
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but it also gives quick relief from pain. Furthermore‚ ayurvedic medicines are derived from herbs and/or mixture of plants product‚ either alone or in combination with minerals or metals. Ayurvedic medicines can also be made at home by extraction‚ evaporation‚ infusion of plant parts. All these production steps are simple‚ easy and can be done at home. They do not require the use of expensive and bulky machinery to prepare the product as it is in the case of synthetic
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An Assignment on Rice Bran Oil Technology Oil: Oils are esters of glycerol and fatty acid. In other words‚ oils are tri-glycerol ester of fatty acid. Hence ester of glycerol is known as glycerides and fatty acids both are saturated and unsaturated. Oils are liquid at ordinary temperature. Example: Rice bran oil‚ Coconut oil‚ Soybean oil‚ palm oil. Etc. Fats: Fats are same as oil‚ i.e. Fats are esters of glycerol and fatty acid‚ except that fat is solid at ordinary temperature. The melting point
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