Financial Management Agenda 1. What is the WACC and why is it important to estimate a firm’s cost of capital? Do you agree with Joanna Cohen’s WACC calculation? Why or why not? 2. If you do not agree with Cohen’s analysis‚ calculate your own WACC for Nike and justify your assumptions. 3. Calculate the costs of equity using CAPM‚ the dividend discount model‚ and the earnings capitalization ratio. What are the advantages and disadvantages of each method? 4. What should Kimi Ford recommend regarding
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Summary: The purpose of this paper is to identify the weighted average cost of capital (WACC) in relation with the firm value. Also‚ there are some aspects discussed in the paper regarding when a firm should accept a project and when to reject. Systematic risk will be also discussed in the paper concerning their target market and how risky is that. Finally‚ the approach that BlackBerry took into consideration to overcome their risk. Discussion: All companies’ assets are financed by either equity
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Marriot Case Marriot use the Weighted Average Cost of Capital to estimate the cost of capital for the corporation as a whole and for each division‚ and the hurdle rate is updated annually.(WACC = (1-Tc) * (D/A) * R[D] + (E/A) * R[E]) Marriot’s Tax Bracket = 175.9/398.9 = 44% Division’s asset weight to the corporation: Lodging = 2777.4/4582.7 = 0.59 Contract = 1237.7/4582.7 = 0.28 Restaurant = 567.6/4582.7 = 0.13 Risk free rate is 30 years T-Bond = 8.95% (Lodging use long-term debt)
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Rate of Return of a Market Index 11% WAL-MART 2009 Company Risk Premium 2.88% - Risk – Free Rate 3% + Beta Coefficient .36 Market Risk Premium 8% Cost of Equity 5.88% + Risk - Free Rate 3.% Weighted Cost of Equity 3.52% X Percentage of Total Capital Supplied by Equity 60% + Before Tax Cost of Debt 5.66% WACC 5..00% Weighted Cost of Debt 1.53% Before Tax Operating Profit in % 100% After Tax Cost of Debt 3.83% X X After Tax Operating Profit in 67
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Executive summary AT&T is the largest communications holding company in the world by revenue. In 2008‚ the company continued to set the pace for industry growth. Revenues as well as per-share earnings increased during this period. The company strengthened its position in key consumer segments and returned value to stockholders through two means – stock buybacks and strong dividends. Highlights of the company’s 2008 financial performance include consolidated revenues that were up more than 4% over
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0.28 0.48 0.42 Target D/D+S Target D/S Levered Beta 74% 2.85 1.62 Costs of Equity: Rf Lodging MRP 8.95% 7.43% Beta Requity 1.62 21.02% Costs of Debt: Rf Lodging 8.95% Spread Tax rate Rdebt(1-T) 1.10% 0.44 0.0563 WACCs: Lodging Target D/D+S Rdebt(1-T) S/D+S Requity WACC 74% 0.0563 26% 21.02% 9.63% Page 1 Sales Weighted Levered Beta 1.56
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the time value of money? flows? b) What factors need to be taken into account when choosing an appropriate discount rate? c) What do you understand by the terms (i) “net present value” (NPV) and (ii) “internal rate of return” (IRR)? d) Compare and contrast the NPV and IRR. Why is it important to “discount” future cash CONTENTS PART ONE: QUESTION 1 1. INTRODUCTION . 2. RISK 2.1 2.2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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WACC Weighted Average Cost of Capital Formula The WACC Weighted Average Cost of Capital formula is complex‚ and can be broken into several components. The individual component costs are provided in the following sections. WACC Weighted Average Cost of Capital Variables V=Firm Total Value (Debt + Preferred Shares + Common Equity + Retained Earnings) Md=Market Value of Debt Mp=Market Value of Preferred Shares Mc=Market Value of Common Equity Mr=Market Value of Retained Earnings K=Current
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Birch Paper Company Birch Paper company is a medium-sized‚ partly integrated paper company‚ producing white and kraft papers and paperboard. The company has four producing divisions and a timberland division. The responsibility structure of the Birch Paper Company and all of its divisions is a Profit or Investment Centre‚ which is stated in the case: For several years‚ each division had been judged independently on the basis of its profit and return on investment. Top management had been working
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Birch Paper Company Relevant Information & Equations 1) Birch Paper Company is a producer of paper‚ paperboard‚ and corrugated boxes. The company is integrated‚ consisting of four separate production divisions. One of its divisions‚ Northern Division‚ asked for bids on a special corrugated box. It requested bids from one of its sister division (Thompson Division) and from two outside companies. The issue at hand is whether Northern should accept a bid from its sister division or from one
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