Key Terms and Important People Coptic: Ancient Egyptian language‚ spread to the lower Nile river valley Cataracts: churning rapids‚ it was impossible to travel all the way upstream because of the cataracts Delta: formed in Lower Egypt‚ it is where the Nile River spreads and drains into the Mediterranean Sea. Upper Egypt: the strip of land that extends between Nubia and towards Lower Egypt Lower Egypt: North most region of Egypt‚ between Upper Egypt and the Mediterranean Sea. Nubia: region along
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The next rank is scribes they were the third to last social rank. They are ranked third to last but they came from all the ranks of society. Boys who wanted to to be one had to attend school to become them. If they were good enough they wrote on papyrus. Students in scribe school studied hieroglyphics for 12 years. They memorized 700 hieroglyphics. They did a lot of jobs like‚ counting population‚ calculated and gathered taxes‚ helped enforce laws‚ and kept track of soldiers. They wrote with a sharpened
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There are different levels of social class in Egypt. There is a higher class‚ a middle class‚ and a lower class. The higher class received better rewards and praise than the lower. All of the classes hold together the Egyptian structure. They work with each other to form a society. The higher class was made up of pharaohs‚ nobles‚ and priests. The pharaohs were believed to be gods in the form of humans‚ so people worshipped and obeyed them. “Only nobles could hold government posts”‚ so they received
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The ancient River Valley civilizations of Egypt‚ China‚ and Mesopotamia all made key contributions to future societies. Hieroglyphics and cuneiform were both systems of language that helped keep records and track of history and events. Hammurabi Code and Confucianism both set laws and ideas to regulate society. Pyramids and Chinese trade both helped expand civilization and allowed societies to grow and establish their own cultures. Hammurabi Code and Confucianism are categorized as social because
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consumers via a medium‚ or many different media. HISTORY Egyptians used papyrus to make sales messages and wall posters. Commercial messages and political campaign displays have been found in the ruins of Pompeii and ancient Arabia. Lost and found advertising on papyrus was common in Ancient Greece and Ancient Rome. Wall or rock painting for commercial advertising is another manifestation of an ancient advertising form
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military campaign ( Nagy‚ 2016). There are two textual sources of foot massage and reflexology in ancient Egypt. The first one is the Middle Kingdom Papyrus of Kahon where foot massage is described as a treatment for a woman who has aching legs and calves after a long walk (Griffith‚ 1898)‚ The second source is in the fourth tale of Westcar Papyrus. It describes the magician Ddi ‚ receiving a massage by his servants‚ one at his head and another one was rubbing his foot (Nagy‚
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BC c. 650 c. 400-300 295 c. 100 1st Cent. AD c. 370 610 c. 700 c. 750-800 868 875 896 c. 1041-48 11th Cent. 1255 1276 1337 1373 c. 1400 1403 1418 1430 1454 1456 1457 c. 1460 1465 1466 1467 1470 1472 1476 1477 c. 1485 Earliest surviving papyrus scrolls. Papyrus scroll introduced into Greece from Egypt. Silk writing materials employed in China. Alexandria Library founded. Vegetable-fiber paper developed in China. MS. book format shifts from scroll to codex. Rome estimated to have 28 libraries. Papermaking
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Hieroglyphics Hieroglyphics was a form of writing used by Ancient Egyptian priests and scholars to convey a written message. It was considered to be one of the most elegant writing systems of all time. The letters in hieroglyphs consisted of symbols instead of letters that either symbolise an item (a boat) or an idea (love‚ motion etc.). The term hieroglyph is a compound of two Greek words hieros and glyphien. When put together they mean sacred writing. Discoveries made by archaeologists suggest
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everyday life but that of their Afterlife and the challenges the Pharaoh has to undertake in order to reach the Kingdom of Osiris‚ land of the Afterlife. So these beliefs are reflected on the style of decorations featured in the tombs from imitations of papyrus to elaborate texts painted on the walls throughout the tomb. The tomb-owner would continue after death the occupations of this life and so everything required was packed in the tomb along with the body. Writing materials were often supplied along
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Egyptian art. Hieroglyphics are a pictograph writing system‚ where a picture stands for an idea. An example of this would be the owl. It can either be used for the sound of an m ’‚ or it can mean an actual owl. Originally written on stone and clay‚ papyrus reeds were later used as a form of paper. Temples are huge in the Egyptian world‚ as they represent the power of the rulers. One of the most famous temples in Egypt is the Karnak Temple Complex. The construction of the temple complex required thousands
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