The actual nomenclature of the word paper is said to have originated from antiquated Egyptian written work material called papyrus as we saw in the previous section. It was delivered as right on time as 3100 BC Egypt‚ and afterward in old Greece and Rome. Going more towards the northern region‚ material or vellum‚ made of prepared sheepskin or calfskin‚ supplanted papyrus. In China‚ archives were usually composed on bamboo‚ making them overwhelming and unbalanced to transport. Silk was infrequently
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01.15.2014 B.C.E. = C.E. B.C = A.D. Form - the visual aspects of art and architecture‚ line‚ shape‚ color‚ light‚ texture‚ space‚ math‚ volume‚ and composition. Style – the combination of form and composition that makes a work distinctive. Content – includes subject matter or meaning and a work of art. School of artists – a group of artist usually working at the same time and sharing similar style influences and ideas Iconography – identify and studying and subject matter and conventional
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very first postal service - for government use in China. 776 BC First recorded use of homing pigeons used to send message - the winner of the Olympic Games to the Athenians. 530 BC The Greeks start the very first library. 500 BC to 170 BC Papyrus rolls and early parchments made of dried reeds - first portable and light writing surfaces. 200 BC to 100 BC Human messengers on foot or horseback common in Egypt and China with messenger relay stations built. Sometimes fire messages used from
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hieroglyphs‚ and originally there were about 1‚000 of those symbols. 4 Egyptians used different kinds of materials to write on‚ including fragments of pottery‚ leather‚ plastered boards‚ and papyrus--paper made of a tall reedy plant that grows in the Nile River. The word ’paper’ comes from ’papyrus’ because it was the world’s first convenient writing material. It is thought that only about four out of every 1‚000 Egyptians could read or write. Egyptians had professional writers--scribes--who
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Gift of the Nile Herodotus referred to Egypt as the “gift of the Nile” because without the Nile Egypt would not exist. The Nile is the most important physical feature in Egypt. It’s the longest river in the world and flows through the world’s largest desert. Without the Nile Egypt would not be able to exist because the area that Egypt is in it does not rain and there are no other rivers. Egypt only exists along the Nile and the rest is desert. The Nile is Egypt’s only source for water since it
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surviving works were intended to provide solace and utility to the deceased in the afterlife. Artists endeavored to preserve everything from the present as clearly and permanently as possible. Ancient Egyptian art was created using media ranging from papyrus drawings to pictographs (hieroglyphics) and include funerary sculpture carved in relief and in the round from sandstone‚ quartz diorite and granite. Ancient Egyptian art displays an extraordinarily vivid representation of the Ancient Egyptian ’s socioeconomic
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GRA 111 CHAPTER 1 The Invention of Writing Cave painting from Lascaux‚ c. 15‚000-10‚000 bce. Random placement and shifting scale signify prehistoric people’s lack of structure and sequence in recording their experience. Media: Ground pigments – charcoal for black‚ yellows‚ reds and browns from iron oxides Binder – animal fat Substrate – (aka: ground) cave walls and ceilings Application – fingers‚ reed brushes or breath Chauvet Caves Two periods of production: 27‚000-26
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The annual flooding of the Nile in spring caused the black soli of the Nile River banks to increase its fertility. Crops such as papyrus‚ wheat‚ grapes‚ asparagus‚ cucumbers‚ figs and watermelons grew along the Nile. This abundance of produce encouraged trade with the ancient world as Egyptian fruits and vegetables flooded ancient markets. This economic influence resulted in Egypt being the "market place for the ancient world." It also made Rome quite envious of Egypt’s wealth. Even the
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who was a member of the Imperial Court. Regardless of when it was created‚ it was still incredibly revolutionary. Paper was first made from the bark of trees‚ remnants of hemp‚ fishing nets‚ and cloth. Paper was more inexpensive than parchment or papyrus. This made books slightly more inexpensive‚ and positively impacted the course of
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volumes‚ which were developed to meet some practical need in surveying‚ construction‚ astronomy‚ and various crafts. The earliest known texts on geometry are the Egyptian Rhind Papyrus (2000–1800 BC) and Moscow Papyrus (c. 1890 BC)‚ the Babylonian clay tablets such as Plimpton 322 (1900 BC). For example‚ the Moscow Papyrus gives a formula for calculating the volume of a truncated pyramid‚ or frustum.[7] South of Egypt the ancient Nubians established a system of geometry including early
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