Matthew Cauli: Designer‚ Cover Design Introduction by Don Rauf Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data The brain and the nervous system / edited by Kara Rogers. p. cm. — (The human body) “In association with Britannica Educational Publishing‚ Rosen Educational services.” Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-1-61530-256-7 (eBook) 1. Nervous system—Popular works. 2. Brain—Popular works. I. Rogers‚ Kara. QP355.2.B725 2011 612.8—dc22 2010004639 On the cover: The human brain makes
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The nervous system is the most important system in the body. It transmits impulses to and from the brain. Disruption of the nerve cells and fibers that transmit the messages severely impairs the body’s ability to carry out complex function. Once a disruption occurs‚ one may never recover and neurological function will steadily degrade. Multiple Sclerosis is a disease that disrupts this network. Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is the most common disabling neurological disease in young adults between 20 and
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from most simple to most complex. Cells‚ tissues‚ organs‚ organ systems 2. Define the term “homeostasis”. The tendency of the body to maintain a relatively constant internal environment. 3. What does the term “feedback system” refer to with respect to homeostasis? A cycle of events in which a variable‚ such as body temperature‚ is continually monitored‚ assessed‚ and adjusted. 4. List the three components of a feedback system and describe each briefly. A sensor that detects a change in
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Chapter 2- Neuroscience and biological foundations Glial Cells (three types): Make up about 90% of the brain’s total cells. They also supply nutrients and oxygen‚ perform clean up tasks‚ and insulate one neuron from another so that their neural messages are not scrambled. Oligodedreocytes: helps to create the myelin sheath. Purpose speed up communication in the brain. Insulate axons. Makes Neural transmissions. Microglia: Special immune cells in the brain. They can detect unhealthy and damaged
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levels and blood pressure control. 4. Be able to place each level of structural organization in the proper sequence from either simplest to most complex or vice versa: proton‚ neutron‚ electron cell tissue organelle atom‚ element organ system organism molecule‚ compound 5. Be able to recognize the definition / description of each of the body planes: Sagittal ( mid- & para-) Frontal (coronal) Transverse 6. Name each of the body cavities and place the following organs in the
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The Biology of Mind Neuron Communication Neuron is a nerve cell‚ basic building block our nerve system Neurons consists in: Dendrites : neurons bushy branches and it listens Axons: Tube that passes the messages and it speaks – transmit Action potential : is a neural impulse‚ brief electrical charge that travels down an axon. Threshold: is the level of stimulation required to trigger a neural impulse Myelin Sheath covers an axon and some neurons Synapse : is the junction
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illness (this will be dealt with later in the booklet…). The Body’s Response to Stressors There are two parts to the physical (or psychological) stress response system: 1. The Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal System (HPA) 2. The Sympathetic-Adrenal-Medullary Pathway (SAM) AO1: The Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal System (HPA) Some stressful experiences last for a long time‚ such as worrying about exams for months
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General Psychology Core Review Questions Quiz #1 Spring 2013 □ To get the most from this study guide‚ write out both the questions and answers‚ then “test yourself” by reading each question and reciting answering from memory. Allow yourself enough time to complete the questions AND to study the answers. □ For 3% extra credit (added to Course Grade)‚ answer each of the questions and submit it on the day of the quiz. Do not submit unfinished work. Incomplete work with unanswered questions
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Sample ‘short answer’ questions for Lecture Exam 4 (Final Exam) (1) Briefly describe the meninges and spaces that surround the spinal cord. Meningeal Branch: Tiny‚ reenters vertebral canal‚ innervates meninges and blood vessels (2) Distinguish among exteroceptors‚ interoceptors and proprioceptors. Exteroceptors: Respond to stimuli arising outside body Receptors in the skin for touch‚ pressure‚ pain‚ and temperature Most special sense organs (vision‚ hearing‚ equilibrium‚ taste‚ smell) Interoceptors:
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Schizophrenia Schizophrenia is a severe and chronic brain disorder in which a person interprets actual reality abnormally. It is a mental disorder that makes it difficult to think clearly‚ have normal responses to emotions‚ act normal in a social setting‚ and tell the difference between their own interpretation of reality and actual reality. There are several types of Schizophrenia: paranoid‚ undifferentiated‚ disorganized‚ residual‚ and catatonic schizophrenia. The assumption is that schizophrenia
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