BIOLOGICAL SCIENCE ALL ABOUT CELLS NSC043 Lecture 3 What is a CELL? Basic structural unit of all living organisms microscopic “all life forms are composed of cells and product of cells” All functions essential to life occur at the cellular level 1 Phagocytosis‚ Pinocytosis‚ and microvilli CYTOPLASM Collective term for cytosol and organelles contained within Colloidal suspension Cytosol mainly composed of water with free-floating molecules
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Nucleus: In the kingdom the nucleus is the king. The nucleus is a membrane-bound organelle found in the center of the cell that contains all of the genetic information‚ and DNA and controls the rest of the cell. To the kingdom the nucleus is the king because of how he controls the kingdom and is responsible for the wealth of the town through his actions. Additionally not all cells have a nucleus. Just as not all kingdoms have a king. The Nuclear Envelope: The nuclear envelope is similar to the king’s
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Effects of Temperature on Beetroot Cell Membranes Background Information: A cell membranes is a thin structure that surrounds the whole cell. It contains the cytoplasm of a cell. The cell membrane is made up of hydrophilic region and a hydrophobic region. The hydrophilic region likes water‚ it is on the outside of the cell‚ the hydrophobic region is the inside of the cell where its protected from H2O. The cell membrane’s outer surface lets larger molecules into the cell. The inner surface deals with
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COMPARTMENTATION OF MAMMALIAN CELLS AND THE DIFFERING FUNCTIONS OF THESE COMPARTMENTS All mammalian cells are eukaryotic‚ and whilst the eukaryotic type of cell is not exclusive to mammals‚ mammalian cells differ from other eukaryotic cells because of the organelles that are or are not present. For instance some plant cells have chloroplasts which are not present in mammalian cells‚ but both plant cells and mammalian cells are eukaryotic in nature. The term eukaryotic refers to the cell having specific membrane
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Cell Transport Mechanisms and Permeability 1 EXERCISE 1 OBJECTIVES 1. To define the following terms: differential permeability‚ passive and active processes of transport‚ diffusion (simple diffusion‚ facilitated dif- fusion‚ and osmosis)‚ solute pump‚ pinocytosis‚ and phagocytosis. 2. To describe the processes that account for the movement of sub- stances across the plasma membrane‚ and to indicate the driving force for each. 3. To determine which way substances will move passively
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Testing Cell Transportation Across a Membrane Introduction Cells have the amazing ability to transport certain molecules in or out of their membrane. Some require no energy to do so (passive transport) while others require energy to be processed through (active transport). There is also the transportation of water across a membrane‚ which has its own term of osmosis. Too much of something can be taken in‚ or too little enters. This especially happens to plants‚ who require water (and sun) to live
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worth it. General stem cell research has been going on for many years‚ but due to cut funding‚ advancements have been inhibited. It was cut because embryonic stem cells research is considered unethical‚ but embryonic stem cells open a whole new realm of possibilities. The debate of using these stem cells has been argued for a long period of time. Certain stem cell research may be considered unethical‚ but the
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SCIENCE CELL – STRUCTURE AND FUNCTIONS Cell – Structure and Functions Cell as the Basic Unit of Life The cell is the basic structural and functional unit of all living organisms. It is the smallest part of the body of an organism‚ is capable of independent existence and is able to perform the essential functions of life. Discovery of the Cell Robert Hooke observed cork cells under a simple microscope designed by him. He observed compartments resembling honeycombs and each compartment
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STEM CELLS Where are stem cells sourced from? Stem cells are sourced from three main sources‚ Embryos‚ bone marrow and umbilical cord blood. Each different sources’ Stem Cells are either totipotent‚ pluripotent or multipotent. Refer to Figure 1 Figure 1 Stem Cells can be categorised into their capability of being cultured into a different cell. Embryonic Stem Cells: Are pluripotent cells meaning they can be cultured into most cell types. The Embryonic Cells are sourced from in the internal cell mass
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Lab 4: Cell Structures and the Gram Stain Purpose: The purpose of this lab is to familiarize the student with the use of a compound microscope and the Gram Stain test. Students will review a brief video and slides to introduce the compound microscope. Students will also view a video about the Gram Stain procedure and then answer questions related to it. Hypothesis If I look at the slides I will see where the cell wall is and what lies inside it and in the Gram Stain if I watch the video I will
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