UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE INTERNATIONAL EXAMINATIONS General Certificate of Education Advanced Subsidiary Level and Advanced Level w w w e tr .X m eP e ap .c rs om * 8 0 6 0 0 9 9 3 7 3 * SOCIOLOGY Paper 2 Principles and Methods 2 Candidates answer on the Question Paper. No additional materials are required. READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST DO NOT WRITE IN ANY BARCODES. Write your Centre number‚ candidate number and name on all the work you hand in. Write in dark blue or black pen. You may use
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and B. Chadwick4 IN BRIEF • Interviews and focus groups are the most • • common methods of data collection used in qualitative healthcare research Interviews can be used to explore the views‚ experiences‚ beliefs and motivations of individual participants Focus group use group dynamics to generate qualitative data PRACTICE This paper explores the most common methods of data collection used in qualitative research: interviews and focus groups. The paper examines each method in detail‚ focusing
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held out hope Valentine would more pervasively document the experiential impacts of his argument on the participants; there are fleeting inferences but not hardly enough. Given its original publishing date‚ perhaps it is time for the obligatory re-issue? I was surprised by the many awkward moments Valentine shared (including but not limited to being spotted taking notes during participant observation and‚ perhaps most poignantly‚ using tone-deaf drag humor to compliment a trans* sex-worker he recognized
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their fieldwork process. Many ethnographers are expanding on the way they interact with individuals in who can provide information on the subject at hand. Currently ethnography’s primary means of collecting information is still done through participant observation and conducting key informant interviews. Which still gives a generous deal of information to the researcher but another way to become informed of a culture is becoming immersed into their world. For an ethnographer to do this they may need
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spiritual culture. "When used as a method‚ ethnography typically refers to fieldwork (alternatively‚ participant-observation) conducted by a single investigator who ’lives with and lives like’ those who are studied‚ usually for a year or more" ( Maanen‚ 1996). It is often employed for gathering empirical data on human societies and cultures. Data collection is often done through participant observation‚ interviews‚ questionnaires‚ etc (Spardley 1980). Ethnography aims to describe the nature of those
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(Malinowski‚ B. 1922) • Verandah anthropologist • Malinowski is saying in order to do real anthropological research‚ we need to be in the environment • Participant-observation • “Social anthropology began in the Trobriand Islands in 1914” o Leach‚ Edmund R. • Armchair (at home) → Verandah (in a distant country – Rivers) → Participant Observation (observing and participating in everyday field settings – Malinowski‚ Evans-Pritchard) • Malinowski – left England‚ not armchair Notes and Querries
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anthropology places special emphasis on comparative perspectives that challenge cultural assumptions. Many anthropologists explore problems and issues associated with the complexity of modern societies in local‚ regional and global contexts. Participant observation is one type of data collection method‚ its aim is to gain a close and intimate familiarity with a given group of individuals and their habits through an intensive involvement with people in their cultural environment‚ usually over an extended
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The cognitive behavioural approach to counselling therapy. The cognitive behavioural approach to counselling therapy. Participant observation How do we really find out about the way of life of a group of people? One way is to join them – to participate in their daily activities & observe what they say and do. This research method is known as participant observation. It was used by John Howard Griffin (1960) a white journalist who dyed his skin black in order to discover what it was like
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Introduction In a very basic preliminary Sociology module in secondary school; as our group began to look at the broad topic of social behaviour‚ our instructor felt that viewing the popular American film “Mean Girls” would be an excellent way for us as students to start to understand the examples of how social interaction affects our day-to-day lives. Adapted from the non-fiction book Queen Bees and Wannabees‚ (Bradford 2004) which is a guide for parents with adolescent daughters that is based
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Kyle Ingraham Soc-120-02 April 13‚ 2012 Project 2: Cultural Observation Culture is the sum total of learned beliefs‚ values‚ and customs in which a people of a particular society live. Culture is dynamic and always changing but retains patterns that form its basic infrastructure. Many aspects of a people’s society make up one’s culture including religion‚ economy‚ language‚ politics‚ etc. Cultures are not finite and in many instances have there own number of sub cultures within them. This
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