excrete excess water. The excess water is collected into a contractile vacuole which swells and finally expels water through an opening in the cell membrane. Q 7. How does the Paramecium ingest food particles? Describe the process from detection to ingestion. The Paramecium ingests food particles through its cilia which sweeps the food along with water into the cell mouth after it falls into the oral groove. The food then travels through the cell mouth into the gullet. When enough food has been
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biology and make use of the principle of the survival of the fittest to establish a numerical search algorithm. Swarm intelligence is based on the collective behaviour of insect swarm‚ bird flocking or fish schooling. Particle swarm optimizer turns this collective behaviour of particles into a numerical optimization algorithm. Differential evolution is a method that optimizes a problem by iteratively trying to improve a candidate solution with regard to a given measure of quality. Harmony search method
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SPE 167543 Wellbore Stability Management In Depleted And Low Pressure Reservoirs Fekete Paul O.‚ Dosunmu Adewale‚ Anthony Kuerunwa‚ Ekeinde Evelyn B.‚ Anyanwu Chimaroke‚ and Odagme Baridor S.‚ Dept. of Petroleum and Gas Engineering‚ University of Port Harcourt‚ Nigeria Copyright 2013‚ Society of Petroleum Engineers This paper was prepared for presentation at the Nigeria Annual International Conference and Exhibition held in Lagos‚ Nigeria‚ 30 July–1 August 2013. This paper was selected for presentation
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assess the particle size distribution also called gradation of a granular material. The size distribution is often of critical importance to the way the material performs in use. A sieve analysis can be performed on any type of non-organic or organic granular materials including sands‚ crushed rock‚ clays‚ granite‚ feldspars‚ coal‚ soil‚ a wide range of manufactured powders‚ grain and seeds‚ down to a minimum size depending on the exact method. Being such a simple technique of particle sizing‚ it
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Khumani Iron Ore Mine Paste Disposal & Water Recovery System By Du Toit T*‚ Crozier M*‚ Abstract Traditional iron ore beneficiation plants using washing screening and Jigging processes require large volumes of process water. However when a suitable large iron ore deposit is found in a location where rainfall is erratic and raw water sources are limited. Innovative process designs are required to minimize water losses‚ maximize reuse of process water and minimize raw water intake to ensure
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limited to one aggregate sample only. In determining the SSD and oven-dry weights needed for calculation of specific gravities‚ a conical mold was used to reach an SSD condition and the sample was later dried in an oven. Sieve analysis determined the particle size distribution by sifting the aggregate through a series of eight sieves of different sixes by use of a mechanical shaker. The results found are that the aggregate used has a Bulk Specific Gravity (SSD) of 2.552‚ which indicates a normal weight
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Problems. An OpenMp Implementation Santiago Garcia Carbajal · Fiona Reid · David Corne Received: date / Accepted: date Abstract Particle Swarm Optimization is a general purpose optimization method due to Kennedy‚ Eberhart and Shi. It works by maintaining a swarm of particles moving around the search space influenced by the observed improvements of the other particles. The main advantage of the method is that it does not use the gradient of the function to be optimized‚ what makes it suitable for
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a mass of dispersed soil particles of various shapes and sizes. Larger particles settle more rapidly than the smaller ones. The hydrometer analysis is an application of Stokes’ law that per- mits the calculation of the grain size distribution in silts and clays‚ where the soil particles are given the sizes of equivalent spherical particles. The density of a soil-water suspension depends upon the concentration and specific gravity of the soil particles. If the suspension is allowed
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4.1.4 Principle of grain size determination Soil consists of an assembly of soil particles (discrete particles) of various shapes and sizes. The object of a particle size analysis is to group these particles into separate ranges of sizes and so determine the relative proportion by weight of each size range. The method employs sieving and sedimentation of a soil/water/dispersant suspension to separate the particles. Different procedures are required for fine and coarse-grained materials. Detailed
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Angeles Machine essential dimensions complying with Figure 2. Worksheet‚ MRD 1165 (recommendation only) 7. PROCEDURE 1 Obtain a test sample taken in accordance with Test Method WA200.1. 2 Select a grading defined in Table 1 appropriate to the particle size distribution of the test sample. 3 Wash the test sample by agitation under running water for approximately ten minutes. 5 Dry the test sample to constant mass (Note a)‚ in an oven at a temperature within the range of 105°C to 110°C‚ cool
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