Universalism vs. Particularism is a concept forwarded by Fons Trompenaars‚ a Dutch author. Basically‚ this dimension asks if which is more important to you‚ rules or relationships. The Universalist‚ or rule-based‚ approach is roughly: "What is good and right can be defined and ALWAYS applies." In particularistic cultures‚ far greater attention is given to the obligations of relationships and unique circumstances. Universalism vs. Particularism indicates how a society applies rules of morals
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globalization‚ more businesses are expanding throughout the world and culture must be taken into consideration‚ most especially when you communicate and do business with people of different nationalities. The first dimension‚ which is universalim versus particularism‚ talks about how we judge other people’s behavior such as deciding
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Bibliography: bukchin‚ m. (2012‚ october 25). http://www.via-web.de/universalism-versus-particularism/. Retrieved march 22‚ 2013‚ from http://www.via-web.de/universalism-versus-particularism/: http://www.via-web.de/universalism-versus-particularism/ media‚ d. (2012‚ september 5). http://www.meez.com/community.dm?furl=http%3A//forums.meez.com/forums/serious-topics/6221608-individualism-vs-communalism.html. Retrieved
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When considering the theory of morality. There are many different views about the guidelines humans should follow in order to be a good human and live in a functional environment. Monism‚ pluralism‚ and particularism are three different ideas about how one should make decisions. Pluralism seems to be the most plausible in our society. Monism states that there is one principle of rightness. An example of this is utilitarianism. The utilitarian view considers the optional‚ obligatory and forbidden
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question is still being asked in western theology. Particularism‚ Inclusivism‚ and Pluralism are three popular approaches to this question. The first of the three ideas to Christian understanding is Particularism. Particularists believe “only those who hear and respond to the Christian Gospel maybe saved” (McGrath 261). Meaning‚ only Christians can receive salvation. For particularism‚ knowledge of God is only known through Christ. By this‚ Particularism further excludes anyone whom retained information
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person is coming from and what their background is. Ignorance is the cause of many conflicts between people‚ and education can prevent this problem. Particularism stresses the importance of knowing one’s roots and not bothering with other people’s history.
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Cross Cultural Leadership – 15.996 Lecture Notes Class Two – Cultural Styles • • • • • Universalism vs. Particularism Individualism vs. Collectivism Neutral vs. Emotional Achievement vs. Ascription Dialogue: making a joint hiring decision including compensation Read: • Trompenaars‚ Fons and Hampden-Turner‚ Charles. Riding the Waves of Culture: Understanding Cultural Diversity in Global Business (2nd edition). New York: McGraw-Hill‚ 1998‚ pages: 1-10‚ 29-36‚ 49-53‚ 68-75‚ 80-81‚ 105-111
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Trompenaars’ five relationship orientations There are five orientations covering the ways in which human beings deal with each other: 1. Universalism versus Particularism Do we consider rules or relationships more important? 2. Communitarianism versus Individualism Do we act mostly as individuals or as groups? 3. Neutral versus Emotional Are we free to express our emotions or are we restrained? 4. Specific versus Diffuse How extensively are we involved with the lives of other people
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Trompenaars’s Dimensions Universalism vs. Particularism Universalism is the belief in: rules or laws that can be applied to everyone; agreements and contracts are used as the basis for doing business; rules are used to determine what is right; contracts should not be altered. Particularism is the belief in: placing emphasis on friendships and looking at the situation to determine what is right or ethically acceptable deals are made based upon friendships; agreements are changeable;
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particular culture can be understood at its own merits and not another culture’s. Historically‚ cultural relativism has had a twin theoretical approach‚ historical particularism. This is the notion that the proper way to study culture is to study one culture in depth. The implications of cultural relativism and historical particularism have been significant to anthropology and to the social sciences in general. The roots of cultural relativism go to the rejection of the comparative school of the
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