Theories: unifying explanations of the natural world Proximate questions: deal with mechanisms. Don’t always need evolutionary explanations Ultimate questions: concerned with evolutionary origins and functions Induction: inference of general law from observations Hypothesis: possible explanation for observation Carolus Linnaeus: binomial nomenclature Nomenclature: system of rules for naming things Taxonomy: naming and classifying organisms Systematics: theory and practice of classifying organisms
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Avery‚Macleod & McCarthy Watson & Crick Jacob & Monod 3. What are Koch’s postulates? Why are they important and how are they applied? 4. Describe the distinguishing features of the following‚ groups of microorganisms: algae‚ bacteria‚ fungi‚ protozoans‚ viruses‚ and microscopic stages of the multicellular parasites. 5. What are the basic differences between the four types of light microscopes (brightfield‚ darkfield‚ phase contrast and fluorescent)? What are their applications? 6. How do
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discussing about the differences between bacteria‚ viruses‚ fungi and parasites. Bacteria: These are tiny microorganisms‚ they cannot be seen with the naked eye. They exist on virtually every living thing or object in the environment i.e. dirt‚ water‚ caves‚ trees‚ dead animals‚ and within everybody living on earth. Its nutrition is from its surroundings. We carry bacteria in the body‚ mainly in the intestines‚ on the genitalia or on the skin. Bacteria can be good or bad. It can help our immune
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WHAT IS A HEREDITARY DISEASE? A hereditary disease is caused by an abnormality in a person’s genetic material .It is a disease passed down through several generations within the same family and is transmitted from parent to child. WHAT IS A PHYSIOLOGICAL DISEASE? A physiological disease occurs when the normal working person’s body is being affected due to the malfunctioning of organs or structural changes of cells changing overtime causing illness. CHRONIC DISEASES Asthma-Physiological
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Point and Nonpoint Pollution Sources Point Sources Point-source pollutants in surface water and groundwater are usually found in a plume that has the highest concentrations of the pollutant nearest the source (such as the end of a pipe or an underground injection system) and diminishing concentrations farther away from the source. The various types of point-source pollutants found in waters are as varied as the types of business‚ industry‚ agricultural‚ and urban sources that produce them. Commercial
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a major source. Look for products that state no VOCs or low VOCs on the label‚ as manufacturers are beginning to take notice and correct the problem. However‚ the problem of biological pathogens is increasing with a growing problem of molds‚ and bacteria that result in illness such as Legionnaires Disease. The resulting increase in these illnesses is directly related to poor maintenance of the heating and air conditioning system. As the concentration of hazardous substances increase SBS becomes a
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Scope of Microbiology A. Infectious Agents 1. Prions 2. Viroids 3. Viruses B. Prokaryotes - Bacteria 1. Eubacteria 2. Archaea bacteria C. Eukaryotes 1. Algae 2. Protozoans 3. Fungi – Yeasts & Molds 4. Helminthes III. Why study Microbiology/Applications
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infection from certain viruses or less often by bacteria‚ their toxins‚ parasites‚ or an adverse reaction to something in the diet or medication. Current death rates have come down significantly to approximately 1.5 million deaths annually in the year 200‚ largely due to the global introduction of oral rehydrationtherapy and is a leading cause of death among infants and children under 5. Other significant viral agents include adenovirus and astrovirus. Different species of bacteria can cause gastroenteritis
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1). Development of botanicals to combat antibiotic resistance. Abstracts: The findings of antibiotics in the earlier in time century lead to the process of reducing mortality and morbidity due to diseases capable of causing infection but their unsuitable and not able to reason well has resulted in an instance of emerging of resistant microbial populations. Keywords: Antibiotic resistance; Botanicals; Synergism; Immunomodulation; Bioenhancers According to Gupta‚ P. D.‚ & Birdi‚ T. J. (2017)‚ Crude
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from living among the poisonous tentacles of the sea anemone‚ but offers no known benefit to its host. A common and widespread symbiosis occurs between terrestrial plants and fungi that colonize their roots; this is called "mycorrhizae.” Unlike pathogenic fungi that cause disease‚ mycorrhizal fungi benefit the plant in several ways. These fungi germinate from spores in the soil to form thin threadlike structures called hyphae‚ which grow into the roots of plants. Once the roots are colonized‚ the
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