The cardiac cycle involves a sequence of events affiliated with the flow of blood within the heart during a complete heartbeat‚ which include atrial systole and diastole followed by ventricular systole and diastole. Systole indicates contraction whereas diastole indicates relaxation. The first phase of the cardiac cycle is Atrial systole‚ or Atrial contraction in which contraction of the atria tops off the ventricles‚ filling them to
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PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF PEPTIC ULCER DISEASE Definition: Peptic ulcer disease is an excavation (hollowed-out area) that forms in the mucosal wall of the stomach. Erosion of a circumscribed area of mucous membrane is the cause. Predisposing Factors Precipitating Factors ➢ Age (40-60) > Malignant tumors ➢ Gender > Gastric Hyperacidity
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PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION Mechanisms of Occlusion Most MIs are caused by a disruption in the vascular endothelium associated with an unstable atherosclerotic plaque that stimulates the formation of an intracoronary thrombus‚ which results in coronary artery blood flow occlusion. If such an occlusion persists long enough (20 to 40 min)‚ irreversible myocardial cell damage and cell death will occur.5 The development of atherosclerotic plaque occurs over a period of years to decades
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Pathophysiology Infection and inflammation of the kidneys is called pyelonephritis. Pyelonephritis is a type of urinary tract infection. E. coli is the most common microbe that causes pyelonephritis. It usually begins in the urethra or bladder and travels to the kidneys. There is a chance of it spreading to the calyces and medullary tissues such as the tubules of the nephrons. If not treated the glomeruli will also be infected and inflamed. (Bullock & Hales 2013). There is both acute pyelonephritis
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causes such as arrhythmia or myocardial infarction. Mr. KH ’s presentation during the attack was also consistent with criteria and symptoms of situational syncope‚ specifically cough syncope. Syncope is classified according to its suspected pathophysiology as follows: Neurally-mediated reflex syncopal syndrome referring to a reflex that‚ when triggered‚ gives rise to vasodilation and bradykardia (1) Orthostatic syncope occurring when the autonomic nervous system is incapacitated resulting
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Premature Atrial Contraction A premature atrial contraction (PAC) is a kind of irregular heartbeat (arrhythmia). It happens when the heart beats too early and then pauses before beating again. PACs are also called skipped heartbeats because they may make you feel like your heart is stopping for a second. CAUSES Your heart has four chambers. Normally electrical signals spread across your heart and make all the chambers beat together. During a PAC‚ the upper chambers of the heart (atria) beat too
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HCR240 Human Pathophysiology Lesson 1 Quiz This assignment is worth 40 points. Please make sure you have answered all questions prior to submitting. Once you click the submit button‚ you will not be able to return. Question 1 of 40 A 9-year-old patient is admitted to a pediatric unit with Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Which of the following traits was this condition inherited from? Sex-linked dominant Sex-influenced Sex-limited Sex-linked recessive Question 2 of 40 A 70-year-old
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Atrial Septal Defect Only 1‚966 people our born with atrial septal defect (A.S.D.) each year. That is less than the amount of people in columbus by a huge margin. That does not mean it is not serious disorder. This is when there is an opening in the wall between the heart. This disorder can cause over flowing blood in the lungs and problems pumping blood through the body. These can lead to right side heart failure. Atrial Septal Defect is a rare disease‚ to get a full grasp on the subject you must
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Cardiovascular Case Study Atrial Septal Defect(ASD) is a very large problem concerning the heart in its overall function. When the heart‚ being the core of the cardiovascular system‚ has issues; it effects the rest of the body as a result. The core of the problem resides in the atrial septum. Normally the heart is divided into four separate chambers. But a person with atrial septal defect has an atrial septum that allows the blood from the left side of the heart back into the right side. This
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Intensive and Critical Care Nursing (2008) 24‚ 28—40 ORIGINAL ARTICLE Pathophysiology of acid base balance: The theory practice relationship Sharon L. Edwards ∗ Buckinghamshire Chilterns University College‚ Chalfont Campus‚ Newland Park‚ Gorelands Lane‚ Chalfont St. Giles‚ Buckinghamshire HP8 4AD‚ United Kingdom Accepted 13 May 2007 KEYWORDS Acid base balance; Arterial blood gases; Acidosis; Alkalosis Summary There are many disorders/diseases that lead to changes in acid base balance
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