Describe the gross anatomy of the lungs; And define pneumonia and outline briefly the etiology‚ pathophysiology and radiographic appearances of alveolar pneumonia. 1. Introduction The lungs are the essential organs of respiration; they are two in number and are placed one on either side within the thorax‚ separated from each other by the heart. The substance of the lung is light‚ spongy and porous. The surface is smooth‚ shining and marked into numerous areas‚ indicating the lobules of the organs
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STUDY GUIDE FOR PRINCIPLES OF AUTONOMIC PHARMACOLOGY (Fall 2013) Drug-receptor Interactions Know general characteristics of signal-transducing receptors: Bind to a ligand (drug or endogenous molecule) Participate in a signaling cascade Distinguish from non-receptor-mediated drug action Graded or Dose-Response effects (vs. all-or-none) Understand “occupational theory” of drug action Molecular basis (ligand-receptor interaction) Mathematical description Occupational theory: Response = Max
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1. In Volume 2 (the Alphabetical Index)‚ the main term “Diaper rash” directs you to refer to this code in the Tabular List (Volume 1): ____691.0_______________ 2. To assign a code for a poisoning or adverse effect‚ you would refer to this table: _Table E Chapter 17____________________ 3. A diagnosis for a condition or disease of the Respiratory System would fall within this code range: __519.9______________ 4. These types of codes are used to identify “Factors Influencing Health Status and Contact
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obesity‚ and hypertension (Lewis‚ et al‚ 2007‚ p. 821). Other risk factors may include the physical structure of the heart. For example‚ a patient may have endured damage to the heart due to a myocardial infarction‚ or a heart attack. Pathophysiology: The heart is a vital organ in the human body. It functions to pump deoxygenated blood to the lungs and oxygenated blood to the rest of the body. Oxygenated blood is crucial to the functioning of the organs and perfusion of tissues‚ which in
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lower lung. Patchy infiltrate is observed in the medial aspect of the right lung base. CT Scan results: Extensive pulmonary parenchymal infiltrate. Dense consolidating infiltrate in both upper lobes which has increased in extent. Trace amount of pleural effusion present. Moderate fall risk according to Morse Fall Scale Moderate risk on Braden Scale Medications: Albuterol‚ Lasix‚ Levaquin‚ Pepcid AC‚ Diflucan‚
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performed‚ removing 50mL of pleural fluid. The pleural fluid will be sent for cell count‚ gram stain‚ culture‚ pH‚ glucose‚ protein and LDH. Gram stain and culture of a sputum specimen is negative for tuberculosis. If the effusion is due to the patient’s history of cirrhosis‚ which of the following would be most consistent with this patient’s condition? A. Pleural pH of 7.2 B. Pleural glucose of 110 mg/dL C. Pleural amylase of 200 IU/L D. Pleural protein level of 2.9 g/dL E. Pleural LDH of 150 U/L Answer
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Management of Patients with Lower Respiratory Problems Chapter 28 Acute Bronchitis An inflammation of the bronchi in the lower respiratory tract Clinical Manifestations Cough‚ Headache‚ Malaise‚ SOB‚ Fever‚ Dyspnea‚ Normal Breath Sounds or Wheezes‚ Chest Pain Nursing Care Supportive i.e. fluids‚ rest‚ cough suppressants‚ bronchodilators‚ inhaled corticosteroids Pneumonia • Acute inflammation of the lung parenchyma Types of Pneumonia • Community Acquired (CAP) – Before hospitalization • Medical
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School of Nursing Care Plan Student’s Name: Joie Ferreiro________________________________ Date: 9/5/14 Client’s Initials: R.S. Admission Date: 7/30/14 Age: 96 Sex: f___ Race: __w____ Religion: Jewish Allergies: Phenobarbital Diet: NPO Activity: Bed rest Admitting Medical Diagnosis (es): Sacral decubitus ulcer‚ polymicrobic sacral osteomyelitis Past Medical History (including past surgical history): Illnesses include: 1) Renal insufficiency 2) Anemia 3) hyperthyroidism
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What is VAP? Ventilator-associated and hospital-acquired pneumonia Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is pneumonia that develops 48 hours or longer after mechanical ventilation is given by means of an endotracheal tube or tracheostomy. Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) results from the invasion of the lower respiratory tract and lung parenchyma by microorganisms. Intubation compromises the integrity of the oropharynx and trachea and allows oral and gastric secretions to enter the lower airways
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(1) Definition: Lung inflammation caused by bacterial or viral infection. (2) Pathophysiology: Pneumonia is an excess of fluid in the lungs resulting from an inflammatory process. It is an acute infection of the alveoli. This is a global problem‚ and the WHO (World Health Organization) suggests that it is the most common cause of death in children and that 1.4 million die each year as a result of pneumonia. Pneumonia may also occur as a complication in hospital settings‚ secondary to surgery.
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