Contents REAL TIME PCR 2 REAL-TIME QUANTITATIVE PCR (qPCR) 2 BASIC PRINCIPLE 3 TYPES OF PCR 4 qPCR STEPS 4 ONE-STEP OR TWO-STEP REACTION 6 Overview of qPCR and qRT-PCR components 6 REAL TIME PCR SYSTEM: 7 SOFTWARES FOR DATA ANALYSIS AND PRIMER DESIGNING 8 STANDARD REAL-TIME PCR PROTOCOL 9 ASSAY DESIGN 9 2. Nucleic acid purification 9 3. Reverse transcription 9 4. Controls and normalization 9 5. Standard curve evaluation of efficiency‚ sensitivity‚ and reproducibility
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OUTLINE What is PCR and Gel Electrophoresis? • Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a technique which is used to amplify the number of copies of a specific region of DNA‚ in order to produce enough DNA to be adequately tested. This technique can be used to identify with a very high-probability‚ disease-causing viruses and/or bacteria‚ a deceased person‚ or a criminal suspect. • Gel electrophoresis is a widely used technique for separating electrically charged molecules. It is a central technique
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Chapter 9 DNA-Based Information Technologies Multiple Choice Questions 1. DNA cloning: the basics Page: 307 Difficulty: 1 Ans: C Restriction enzymes: A) act at the membrane to restrict the passage of certain molecules into the cell. B) are highly specialized ribonucleases that degrade mRNA soon after its synthesis. C) are sequence-specific DNA endonucleases. D) are very specific proteases that cleave peptides at only certain sequences. E) catalyze the
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Anatomy and Physiology II Blood Typing Lab Introduction The purpose of this lab assignment was to get a better understanding of blood types and the antigens and antibodies that exist for each blood type. In addition‚ the goal was set to achieve an understanding of the Rh factor and coagulation. The goal was to determine what suspect’s blood was found at the crime scene. Materials and Procedures Synthetic Blood typing kit Gloves We used blood typing plates that were marked with wells
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Gender Typing Gender typing refers to any association of objects‚ activities‚ roles‚ or traits with one sex or the other in ways that conform to cultural stereotypes. “Boys will be boys” is one example of a phrase that serves as a shining example of gender typing in our society. Although there are strong biological forces that compel “boys to be boys” and girls alike- a lot of where children derive their opinions comes from environmental influences. Parents‚ caregivers‚ and teachers can do more
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Biology Lab BLOOD TYPING All blood contains red blood cells whose main job is to carry oxygen throughout the body. Red blood cells make up almost 50% of the total blood volume. They are produced in our bone marrow and not only transport oxygen‚ but they take away CO2 and other wastes. Our blood also contains white blood cells which make up only about 1% of our total blood volume. Like the red blood cells‚ the white also are produced by our bone marrow. Our white blood cells are the first response
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Recent Advances on DNA based method in Food Analysis Food Analysis From the introduction of the application of science in the study of food and consumption‚ it has been observed that analysis played a key role in the Food industry. From determining composition to the presence of adulterants‚ food analytical methods are essential in maintaining quality and integrity of food products for consumer use. The Speed and Accuracy of the results are crucial in choosing a method for analysis. Methods
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oversimplified idea of people and the preconceived notions of how they should act‚ love‚ dress and behave. In our lifetime everyone has stereotyped others or have been a victim of stereotypes. Have you ever been a judged? People often judge others based on their sexual orientation‚ race‚ and even class. In a progressive society‚ stereotypes would be washed away yet; today it is common for people to place stereotypes on one another. Many people believe that when a person stereotypes another it is
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Nina J. Gender Typing From the time parents receive the first sonogram in which their baby ’s gender is recognizable they set specific expectations for that son or daughter. If it ’s a boy‚ the father dreams of his first fire truck or playing catch. While the mother dreams of a daughter ’s pink room and her wedding. We are going to explore the effects to which this behavior can have on children as they develop in their lives. Most people are familiar with the concept of boys and girls
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senses‚ she explains. When writing by hand‚ our brain receives feedback from our motor actions‚ together with the sensation of touching a pencil and paper. These kinds of feedback is significantly different from those we receive when touching and typing on a keyboard. Learning by doing Together with neurophysiologist Jean-Luc Velay at the University of Marseille‚ Anne Mangen has written an article published in the Advances in Haptics periodical. They have examined research which goes a long way
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