Introduction 1. Definition 2. Catabolism 3. Anabolism B. Coupling of Cellular Reaction 1. Free Energy Change 2. Calories 3. Exergonic Reactions 4. Endergonic Reactions C. Oxidation and Energy Production 1. Oxidation 2. Reduction D. Biochemical Pathways for Glucose Catabolism 1. Aerobic Respiration Page 1 2. Anaerobic Respiration 3. Fermentation E. Catabolism of Other Macromolecules 1. Catabolism of Lipids 2. Catabolism of Proteins F. Photosynthesis Page 2 BIO 2924 Mr. Smith
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enhanced production of uric acid and as a consequence hyperuricemia and gout. A glucose 6- phosphatase deficiency can result in Von Gierke disease. The inability to dephosphorylate glucose 6-phosphate leads to an increased activity in the pentose phosphate pathway. Enchanced production of ribose 5 phosphate results in substrate level activation of PRPP synthase. This in turn‚ as described above‚ can lead to hyperuricemia and
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membrane 1. Membrane lipid 2. Membrane skeleton 3. Peripheral proteins 4. Integral proteins 2. RBC metabolism 1. Glycolytic (Embden-Meyerhof) pathway 2. Hexose monophosphate shunt 3. Rapoport-Luebering pathway 2.4 Methemoglobin reductase pathwa 3. Hemoglobin 3.1 Hemoglobin structure 3.2 Hemoglobin synthesis 3.3 Genetic control of hemoglobin structure
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metabolism of aromatic compounds Kandler O (1983) Carbohydrate metabolism in lactic acid bacteria. Konings WN‚ Lolkema JS‚ Bolhuis H et al. (1997) The role of transport processes in survival of lactic acid bacteria Ljungdahl LG (1994) The acetyl-CoA pathway and the chemiosmotic generation of ATP during acetogenesis Mu¨ller V and Gottschalk G (1994) The sodium ion cycle in acetogenic and methanogenic bacteria: generation and utilization of a primary Thauer RK‚ Jungermann K and Decker K (1977) Energy conservation
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translocation of substances need transporter protein and E Endocytosis Phagocytosis: Pseudopods extend & engulf particles Pinocytosis: Membrane folds inward bringing in fluid & dissolved substances Inclusions Metachromatic granules (volutin)‚ phosphate Polysaccharide granules Lipid inclusions Sulfur granules Carboxysomes: ribulose 1‚5-diphosphate carboxylase for CO2 fixation Gas vacuoles: protein covered cylinder Magnetosomes: Iron oxide kills H2O2 Nuclear Area: no nucleus has nucleoid
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BCH 3023 – Fall 2008 Final Exam‚ 12/8/2008 Name: _________________________________ 1. The GTP analog‚ ‚-imidoguanosine 5’-triphosphate (Gpp(NH)p)‚ shown below‚ cannot be hydrolyzed between the and phosphates. Predict the effect of microinjection of Gpp(NH)p of G-protein coupled signaling. O N NH O O H N P OO O P OH OH OH O H N N NH2 - O P O- O H H a. Gpp(NH)p is a substrate for adenylate cyclase and‚ thus‚ will decrease the intracellular concentration of
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trypanosomatids (10) (11). Besides‚ the Rpi plays a central role in the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) that is responsible for the production of nucleotide precursors and NADPH. The latter one is critical for the protection of trypanosomatids against oxidative stress and for biosynthetic reactions. In the PPP‚ the Rpi enzyme catalyzes the reversible isomerization reaction between D-ribose-5-phosphate (R5P) and D-ribulose-5-phosphate (Ru5P) (12) (13) (14)
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Chapter 18 1 Takusagawa’s Note© Chapter 18: Photosynthesis 1. CHLOROPLASTS - Photosynthesis is carried out at chloroplasts. Structure of chloroplast Outer membrane Stroma lamellae Inner membrane Thylakoid Chloroplast Granum Dark reaction Stroma Light reaction - Composition of innermembrane and granum membrane are unusual. - Phospholipid (negatively charged) ~10% - Neutral lipid (galactose) ~80% Photosynthesis occurs in two distinct phases: 1. Light reactions --- Generates
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Question 1 1. Environmental changes can result in the inactivation of enzymes. Answer True False 1 points Question 2 1. Hydrolases are generally involved in __________ reactions. Answer anabolic catabolic both anabolic and catabolic neither anabolic nor catabolic oxidation-reduction 2 points Question 3 1. Which of the following types of carrier molecules is NOT found in electron transport chains? Answer ubiquinones hemoglobin flavoproteins
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Enzymology: Enzyme as catalysts‚ enzyme kinetics‚ inhibitor effects‚ enzyme regulations‚ allosteric enzymes (after mid-sem break) 4. Energetics and metabolisms: Bioenergetic principles‚ carbohydrate metabolisms (glycolysis)‚ TCA cycle‚ pentose phosphate pathway‚ gluconeogenesis and photosynthesis‚ fatty acid oxidation Course synopsis This course will cover two distinct areas of Biochemistry. The first part will provide an introduction of the basic structure of a living cell and its organelles
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