and sequence. A white onion was used for the experiment. After several processes‚ DNA isolate was the visible result. Different chemical tests were performed on the DNA isolate‚ namely: Dische Test‚ Murexide Test‚ Wheeler-Johnson test and Test for Phosphate. Visible results were then noted. INTRODUCTION DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) was discovered in the late 1800s‚ but its role as the material of heredity was not elucidated for fifty years after that. It occupies a central and critical role in the
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Are Made from Aspartate‚ PRPP‚ and Carbamoyl Phosphate 4. Pyrimidine Nucleotide Biosynthesis Is Regulated by Feedback Inhibition 5. Nucleoside Monophosphates Are Converted to Nucleoside Triphosphates 6. Ribonucleotides Are the Precursors of Deoxyribonucleotides 7. Thymidylate Is Derived from dCDP and dUMP 8. Degradation of Purines and Pyrimidines Produces Uric Acid and Urea‚ Respectively 9. Purine and Pyrimidine Bases Are Recycled by Salvage Pathways 10. Excess Uric Acid Causes Gout 11. Many Chemotherapeutic
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What is the difference between oxidative and substrate level phosphorylation? Oxidative phosphorylation is a metabolic pathway that uses energy released by the oxidation of nutrients to produce ATP. Oxidative phosphorylation uses the electrochemical gradient‚ set up by the oxidation of nutrients‚ of protons across the inner mitochondrial membrane to generate ATP from ADP. During oxidative phosphorylation‚ electrons are transferred from electron donors to electron acceptors such as oxygen‚ in
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PET 3351 Exercise Physiology Second Exam Review (Fall 2012) Chapter IV: The Physiological Basis of Muscular Strength and Flexibility 1. Strength is operationally defined as the maximal force that can be exerted in a single effort. Using this definition‚ strength should be assessed using one repetition maximum (1 RM)‚ though we often estimate strength using tests that may involve multiple repetitions. 2. In strength training and rehabilitation‚ emphasis should be given to both the concentric
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code or set of directions by which they can duplicate themselves and guide the synthesis of proteins. [1] They are very large molecules built from subunits called nucleotides. All nucleotides have a common structure: a phosphate group linked by a phosphodiester bond to a pentose (a five-carbon sugar molecule) that in turn is linked to an organic base. [2] Figure 1. General structure of a nucleotide One type of nucleic acid is the ribonucleic acid (RNA). The RNA is single-stranded used for
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Chapter 5 The Working Cell Energy • Capacity to do work • Types of energy – – – – Kinetic energy – energy of motion Potential energy – stored energy Thermal energy - heat Chemical energy - potential energy of molecules • Thermodynamics – Study of energy Oxidation-Reduction Reactions • When an atom or molecule loses an electron‚ it is said to be oxidized – process called oxidation • When an atom or molecule gains an electron‚ it is said to be reduced – process called reduction
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AP Biology‚ Chapter 9 Cellular Respiration and Fermentation Life is Work 9.1 Catabolic pathways yield energy by oxidizing organic fuels Intro Catabolic Pathways and Production of ATP 1. Distinguish fermentation and cellular respiration. Fermentation Partial degradation of glucose Uses no O2 Yields some ATP Cellular respiration Complete degradation to CO2 and H2O Requires O2 = aerobic Yields much more ATP 2. Describe the summary equation for
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March 5‚ 2013 Biology 1111 Term Paper Glycolysis and the Citric Acid Cycle Glycolysis occurs in the cytoplasm outside the mitochondria‚ it is a metabolic pathway that is the breakdown of glucose (C6) and ends with 2 pyruvate (C3) molecules. Energy is invested to activate the glucose‚ 2 ATP are gained‚ and oxidation results in NADH‚ which will be used later for additional ATP production. Glycolysis is divided into (1) the energy-investment step‚ when ATP is used; and (2) the energy-harvesting
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Chapter 1 * animal Multicelled consumer with unwalled cells; develops through a series of stages and moves about during part or all of the life cycle. * archaean Member of a group of single-celled microorganisms that superficially resemble bacteria‚ but are genetically and structurally distinct. * atom Particle that is a fundamental building block of all matter. * bacterium Single-celled organism belonging to the Domain Bacteria; cells are typically walled and do not
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molecule fructose-1-phosphate into other molecules called glyceraldehyde and dihydroxyacetone phosphate. * The lack of aldolase B can results in the accumulation of fructose 1 phosphate in the liver. This seems to be toxic and can cause death of liver cells. The short of aldolase B can cause the reduction of dihydroxyacetone phosphate and this will lead to decrease in phosphate level in the body. ( Monique L 2008) * The damage of liver cells and a decrease level of phosphate groups will lead
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