These are hexokinase‚ phosphofructokinase and pyruvate kinase. During the first reaction of glycolysis‚ glucose 6 phosphate is produced. High concentrations of this molecule signal that a cell no longer requires glucose for energy. Phosphofructokinase (PKF) is a key enzyme in the regulation of glycolysis. PKF is the enzyme that catalyses the reaction producing fructose 1‚ 6 phosphate. High concentrations of ATP inhibit PKF‚ thus regulating glycolysis. PFK is also inhibited by high concentrations
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Sample essays and suggested plans for content 1. The process of diffusion and its importance in living organisms Definition Fick’s Law Types of diffusion e.g. Facilitated diffusion‚ osmosis Gas exchange in unicells‚ fish‚ mammals and plants Digestion and absorption of products Exchange of materials between blood in capillaries and tissues e.g. placenta Transpiration‚ root pressure‚ water and ion uptake by roots Translocation and mass flow hypothesis Osmoregulation by blood and kidney‚ unicells
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Contraction itself (i.e. actual shortening movement) occurs when a bond is broken between ATP and one of its three phosphate bonds. It is the energy that is liberated by the breaking of this bond that causes the movement. Hence ATP is broken down to ADP (adenosine diphosphate). ADP is reconverted to ATP by donation of a phosphate from another high energy phosphate store in the muscle‚ creatine phosphate (CP). Mitochondria can burn glucose‚ fats and ketones to make carbon dioxide and water. Doing so ensures
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Name_______________________Period___________ Chapter 8: An Introduction to Metabolism Concept 8.1 An organism’s metabolism transforms matter and energy‚ subject to the laws of thermodynamics 1. Define metabolism. 2. There are two types of reactions in metabolic pathways: anabolic and catabolic. a. Which reactions release energy? b. Which reactions consume energy? c. Which reactions build up larger molecules? d. Which reactions break down molecules? e. Which reactions are considered “uphill”? f. What type of reaction
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GURUKULAM Syllabus for Recruitment Test Category of Post: PGT – Biological Science Part – I GENERAL KNOWLEDGE AND CURRENT AFFAIRS (Marks: 08) Part – II CHILD DEVELOPMENT AND PEDAGOGY (Marks: 08) 1. Development of Child Development‚ Growth & Maturation – Concept & Nature‚ Principles of development‚ Factors influencing Development – Biological‚ Psychological‚ Sociological‚ Dimensions of Development and their interrelationships – Physical & Motor‚ Cognitive‚ Emotional‚ Social‚ Moral‚ Language relating
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equilibrium; exergonic 5) A "high-energy" bond in an ATP molecule is located between 5) _______ A) adenine and ribose. B) two phosphate groups. C) ribose and the first phosphate group. D) adenine and the first phosphate group. 6) When a muscle cell demands energy to perform its work of contraction‚ ATP 6) _______ A) manufactures more ATP. B) enters a metabolic pathway. C) is broken down. D) is phosphorylated. E) catalyzes the reaction. 7) The most common energy carrier molecule in living organisms
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environmental analysis. Results show that the integrated first and second generation ethanol production process from sugarcane leads to better economic results when compared with the stand-alone plant‚ especially when advanced hydrolysis technologies and pentoses fermentation are included. 1. Introduction Increasing concerns about climate change and energy security have motivated the search for alternative forms of energy (Karuppiah et al.‚ 2008). Since the transportation sector is responsible for a significant
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modification of an organism’s genome. * Biotechnology- use of an organism’s biochemical and metabolic pathways for industrial production. 1. Tools and techniques of genetic engineering * Enzymes for dicing‚ splicing‚ and reversing nucleic acids. * Analysis of DNA. * Restriction endonucleases- recognize specific sequence of DNA and break phosphate-sugar bond. * Liagase- rejoins phosphate-sugar bonds cuts by endonucleases. * Reverse transcript-makes a DNA copy of RNA. * Analysis
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similar ways. Cellular respiration is responsible for the process of ATP‚ meanwhile oxygenic photosynthesis is the process of turning light energy into food. It is evident that both of these processes have their own reactants‚ products‚ and biochemical pathways. Both of these processes have evolved from their primitive original state‚ but it is important to understand that oxygenic photosynthesis evolved before aerobic cellular respiration. Aerobic respiration is the process of breaking down the “food”
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from Creatine Phosphate (CP) will continue until CP stores in the muscles are depleted‚ approximately 4 to 6 seconds. This gives us around 5 to 8 seconds of ATP production. (MACKENZIE‚ B. (1998) Energy Pathways [WWW]) The ATP-PC system is divided into two different sections- the Adenosine Tri-Phosphate (ATP) section‚ and the PhosphoCreatine (PC) section. A muscle cell contains rough;y enough ATP to last for the duration of 4-6 seconds when working at 100%. This means‚ that a phosphate will ‘break
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