Maximum growth controlling effect towards S. rolsfii was observed in the rhizobacterial isolates of Potato and Onion isolates. When combined PGPR traits were studied it was recorded that highest IAA‚ Siderophore production and solubilization of phosphate was recorded in cor-4 followed by tur-3 rhizobacterial strain
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Antimicrobial Property of Mango Twigs Extract against Dental Caries-causing Microorganisms (Streptococcus mutans‚ Streptococcus sobrinus) Jervene Venturina‚ Santiago Bataller Jr.‚ Raymark Camato Dental caries is an ecological disease in which the diet‚ the host and the microbial flora interact over a period of time in such a way as to encourage demineralisation of the tooth enamel which results to caries formation. This disease can affect both the enamel (the outer coating of the tooth) and
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Chloroplasts and Photosynthesis All animals and most microorganisms rely on the continual uptake of large amounts of organic compounds from their environment. These compounds are used to provide both the carbon skeletons for biosynthesis and the metabolic energy that drives cellular processes. It is believed that the first organisms on the primitive Earth had access to an abundance of the organic compounds produced by geochemical processes‚ but that most of these original compounds were used up billions
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Patients afflicted with diabetes are at risk for a variety of pathologies resulting in many complications including foot ulceration and amputation. The multi-factorial etiology of diabetic foot ulcers is evidenced by the numerous pathophysiologic pathways that can potentially lead to this disorder. A multicenter study attributed 63 percent of diabetic foot ulcers to the critical triad of peripheral sensory neuropathy‚ deformity‚ and trauma (Reiber‚ et al.‚ 1999). The following discusses the pathophysiology
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regulated physiologically through synthesis‚ degradation and phosphorylation to maintain to maintain the concentration of the mevalonate-derived products. Transcription and translation of HMGR increase when the concentrations of products of mevalonate pathway are low while on the other hand when the concentrations are high‚ the intracellular HMGR concentration decreases rapidly. The third level of regulation is achieved by phosphorylation of S872 by AMP-activated protein Kinase‚ which decreases the enzyme’s
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Vienna Ai Marie C. Valleser BS Bio August 2‚ 2013 Animal Systematics (ZOOL102) A Literature Review on Symbiotic Relationship between Clownfish and Sea Anemones Symbiosis is a close and often long-term interaction between two or more different biological species. It comes from the ancient Greek words syn meaning “together” or “with” and vios meaning “life” (ODZ). Symbiosis is fundamentally classified as ectosymbiosis and endosymbiosis. Ectosymbiosis or exosymbiosis is a type of symbiotic relationship
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long biopolymers made of simpler units called nucleotides—each nucleotide is composed of a nucleobase (guanine‚adenine‚ thymine‚ and cytosine)‚ recorded using the letters G‚ A‚ T‚ and C‚ as well as a backbone made of alternating sugars(deoxyribose) and phosphate groups (related to phosphoric acid)‚ with the nucleobases (G‚ A‚ T‚ C) attached to the sugars. DNA is well-suited for biological information storage‚ since the DNA backbone is resistant to cleavage and the double-stranded structure provides the molecule
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as an example‚ a reaction where luciferin combines with adenosine tri-phosphate (ATP) and reacts with the enzyme luciferase. The action of the enzyme acting on luciferase simulates something similar to luminol and a peroxide being catalysed by a transition metal catalyst‚ providing electrons with enough energy to reach a higher energy level which then gives off light as they relax back to their ground state. - Reaction pathway of luminol 2H2O22H2O + O2(g) - Decomposition of Hydrogen Peroxide
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active site. This means that an antibiotic that worked by competitive inhibition or erroneous incorporation would no longer have a complementary shape and so would be unable to bind to or inhibit the enzyme. It is also possible that a change to the pathway of a reaction or an increase in its rate would counteract or overwhelm the action of the
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and increase infarct size‚ therefore therapeutic interventions is vital [101]. Adenosine A2 beta receptor agonists [102‚103]‚ sodium calcium exchanger blockers [104‚105] and cyclosporine A [106‚ 107] at the ischemia reperfusion injury‚ two defined pathways cause necrosis. The first one is sarcolemma damage and hypercontraction at the time of reperfusion and the second one is mitochondrial dysfunction by the opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (MPTP) that cause of irreversible
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