coercion‚ fraud‚ undue influence‚ misrepresentation and mistake. Without free consent‚ the contract can be voidable or void‚ depending on the circumstances. English | BM/Mandarin | Example | Effect on contract | Coercion | | | | Fraud | | | | Undue influence | | | | Misrepresentation | | | | Mistake | | | | 3. Difference between fraud and misrepresentation: Fraud (Section 17 of Contracts Act) | Misrepresentation (Section 18 of Contracts Act) | Fraud involves intention
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RM530 million Transmile accounting fraud – how Liong Sik is to assume responsibility as Chairman? Former MCA President and Cabinet Minister‚ Tun Dr. Ling Liong Sik was quite active in the past month‚ as a search with The Star archives would produce eight news items featuring him‚ including one today at the ceremony at the Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman (Utar) campus in Kampar yesterday planting a Blue Pine tree. But he has been very reticent on what has been described as the biggest accounting and
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The accounting fraud is frequent‚ widespread and familiar in many countries and organization. It brings a loss to firms and investors. But there is no research trying to explain factors comprehensively influencing it. The obyectives of the research are to test and explain the effect of the internal control effectiveness‚ suitability of reward‚ compliance to accounting rules‚ information asymmetry‚ management morality toward unethical behavior and intention to accounting fraud. More particularly
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Accounting fraud can be defined as knowingly falsifying accounting records in order to increase sales revenue and net income. Accounting fraud is committed in corporations by means of showing false information‚ using funds for illegal purposes or inflate expenses‚ overstating revenues‚ understating expenses or overstating the value of corporate assets. All these activities are entirely unethical. Behaving ethically depends on the capability to recongnize the ethical issues and to believe on their
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company. “In February 2003‚ Peregrine Systems restated its financial statements for eleven quarters during the years 2000‚ 2001 and 2002‚ decreasing incomes formerly reported of 1.34 billion by more than$ 507 million.” The center of Peregrine’s fraud consisted in recording revenue on the inappropriate basis of non-binging contracts with resellers (channel partners)‚ a complete violation of Generally Accepted Accounting Principles‚ – these resellers would purchase Peregrine’s software for resale
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References: Adeoti‚ J. (2011). Automated Teller Machine (ATM) frauds in Nigeria: the way out. Adini (2010). Nigerian banks look to biometric ATM machines to reduce fraud. Bhargav-Spantzel A.‚ Squicciarini A.‚ Bertino E.Kong X & Zhang W.(2010). Biometrics-Based Identifiers for Digital Identity Management. Consultative Group for International Agricultural Research‚ CGIAR
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Any contract for the sale of goods that exceeds $500 falls under the statute of frauds and must be in writing to constitute an enforceable contract. The contract between Tidwell and Anthony amounts to $50‚000 and must be in writing to be enforceable‚ which presents the first issue in this problem. There are‚ however‚ alternative means of satisfying the Statute of Frauds. In this case‚ Tidwell provided Anthony with a good faith payment of $10‚000 when the oral contract was entered into on June
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What specific audit procedures might have uncovered the Parmalat fraud earlier? Parmalat went from recording annual sales of 7.6 billion euros in 2002 to being declared insolvent a year later. The collusion at Europe’s Enron made it possible for Parmalat to defraud its investors of billions. The auditing procedures used by Grant Thornton and Deloitte were inadequate. Many of Parmalat’s assets were overstated and its liabilities understated. The auditors did not adequately test the Special Purpose
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Corporate Fraud Foxconn Technology Group Background Foxconn Technology Group‚ subsidiary of Hon Hai Precision Industry Co.‚ Ltd.‚ which is the manufacturer targeting on electronic products like PC components‚ is founded by Terry Gou. First founded in Taiwan‚ Foxconn started to establish factory in Mainland China in 1988 and then expands its business very quickly. As the world’s largest manufacturer targeting on contract electronics‚ its clients are all over the world‚ including American‚ European
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The Fraud of the Century: The Case of Bernard Madoff Bernard Madoff was a creditable man that people trusted him with their money because “he created an image of power‚ trust and responsibility.” (Ferrel‚ 2013‚ p. 416) He was able to scam and scheme his investors from the early 1990s up until December of 2008 when his Ponszi scheme was discovered. Over the course of a decade he was simultaneously running a legitimate business and earned his investors’ trust because he didn’t make
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