FUNCTIONAL AND ACTIVITY-BASED BUDGETING Budget a financial plan of the resources needed to carry out tasks and meet financial goals. A quantitative expression of the goals the organization wishes to achieve and the cost of attaining these goals. Budgeting the act of preparing a budget. Budgetary control the use of budgets to control a firm’s activities. Master budget (planning budget/ budget plan) a summary of all phases of a company’s plans and goals for the future. Indicates the sales levels‚
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CO-CURRICULAR ACTIVITIES : BOON OR BANE? Seminar‚ trainings‚ workshops‚ cultural and sports activities are some of the many tasks the students get involved in school which we call co-curricular activities. This involves actual learning of real life situations where students involve in the process and learn the process of the different activities. In a sense‚ co-curricular activities prepare students practically for the future which provide opportunities for students to work in teams‚ to exercise
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Activity-based costing (ABC) is a costing methodology that identifies activities in an organization and assigns the cost of each activity with resources to all products and services according to the actual consumption by each. This model assigns more indirect costs (overhead) into direct costs compared to conventional costing. Aims of model With ABC‚ a company can soundly estimate the cost elements of entire products ACTIVITIES and services. That may help inform a company’s decision to either: Identify
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Pepsi [pic] ASK FOR MORE!! INTRODUCTION At the 20’s and 30’s in the 20 century‚ Coca-Cola was the absolute leader of soft drink market. Pepsi-Cola was just a new brand at that time. Pepsi-Cola was thought of just a copy of Coca-Cola and its flavor is similar to Coca-Cola. So the Coca-Cola did not take any importance for it. But later Pepsi-Cola developed fast and became the strongest competitor to the Coca-Cola and now Pepsi shared 40% of the market. It is a big threat
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Questions for Discussion: What markets should Pepsi target for Aquafina? What recommendations would you make foradvertising objectives‚ message strategy‚ andmessage execution for Aquafina? What advertising media recommendationswould you make for Aquafina‚ and how wouldyou evaluate the effectiveness of those mediaand your advertising? What sales promotion and public relationsrecommendations would you make forAquafina? What recommendations would you make forpromoting Aquafina Sparkling
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PEPSI COLA PAKISTAN: FRANCHISING & PRODUCT LINE MANAGEMENT 1 op yo In July 1991‚ Irfan Mustafa faced several dilemmas. As West Asia area vice president and chief executive officer of Pepsi Cola Pakistan Incorporated (PCI)‚ Mustafa was charged with developing a strategy to grow share and profitability across PCI sales but focusing particularly on 7-Up. Pepsi Cola International had shifted focus to its global brands and‚ since acquiring 7Up International in 1986‚ had withdrawn all marketing
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So much so that many big corporations can no longer disregard their activities that may or are already causing massive harm to the environment (Success of Palm Oil Brings Plantations Under Pressure to Preserve Habitats 2009). Moreover with the power of the media‚ it is made easier for both the corporation itself and the environmentalist to publicise the activities corporations are involved in and the impact of these activities‚ be it positive or negative (Aaron 2008). An international corporation
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Introduction: Process costing is a form of operations costing which is used where standardized homogeneous goods are produced. This costing method is used in industries like chemicals‚ textiles‚ steel‚ rubber‚ sugar‚ shoes‚ petrol etc. Process costing is also used in the assembly type of industries also. It is assumed in process costing that the average cost presents the cost per unit. Cost of production during a particular period
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ISSN: 2249-4588 & Print ISSN: 0975-5853 Consumer Preference Coca Cola versus Pepsi-Cola By Abdul Munam Jamil Paracha‚ Muhammad Waqas‚ Ali Raza Khan & Sohaib Ahmad University of Lahore‚ Pakistan. Abstract - This study is conducted between two global giants Coca Cola & Pepsi-cola. This research paper is basically a comparative study of two well known competitors in beverage industry of Pakistan which are Pepsi Cola & Coca Cola. The primary purpose of this paper is to find out which company
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identified activity-based management as the right approach that can take the enterprise to the next level of international success. Activity-based management is a contemporary technique that maximizes value adding activities to the clients of the campaign while also eliminating non-value adding activities. Its main objective is to enhance the firm’s efficiency and effectiveness in securing its markets. ABM relies on activity-based costing for valuable information which is used to manage activities to bring
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