Net Present Value Net Present Value (NPV) is used in capital budgeting to analyze the profitability of an investment or project. NPV is found by subtracting the present value of the after-tax outflows from the present value of the after-tax inflows. Investments with a positive NPV increase shareholder value and those with a negative NPV reduce shareholder value. In order to compute the NPV for Worldwide Paper Company‚ we have to calculate the cash flow in capital budgeting of the project as below
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1. What three costs do pennies impose on society? a. The cost of metal used in pennies has gone up beyond the face value of the coin itself. So manufacturing pennies is not worth. It takes approximately 1.8 cent to create one penny coin. Eventually this cost will be suffered by the society. b. Pennies are not worth the time to count or store in the current economic market. c. Pennies result in dead weight transaction in the economy. 2. Are U.S. coins fiat money or commodity money? Other than
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NPV Versus IRR W.L. Silber I. Our favorite project A has the following cash flows: -1000 0 0 1 0 2 +300 3 +600 4 +900 5 We know that if the cost of capital is 18 percent we reject the project because the net present value is negative: - 1000 + 300 600 900 + + = NPV 3 4 (1.18) (1.18) (1.18)5 - 1000 + 182.59 + 309.47 + 393.40 = -114.54 We also know that at a cost of capital of 8% we accept the project because the net present value is positive: - 1000 + 300 600 900
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Running head: A COMPARISON OF EVA AND NPV A Comparison of EVA and NPV (discuss the differences and similarity of EVA and NPV; why would companies choose to adopt EVA‚ implementation issues; chronicle the implementation experience of EVA on a real life company). 1 A COMPARISON OF EVA AND NPV 2 A Comparison of EVA and NPV (discuss the differences and similarity of EVA and NPV; why would companies choose to adopt EVA‚ implementation issues; chronicle the implementation
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PepsiCo‚ Organized Trade BY‚ GAURAV PRATAP SINGH (ROLL NO 15) EBREZ (ROLL NO 16) PepsiCo Organized Trade: The Beverage Industry is a mature sector and includes companies that market nonalcoholic and alcoholic items. Since growth opportunities are few compared to existing business‚ many members of the
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on PepsiCo‚ Inc. By applying full information forecast‚ PepsiCo‚ Inc as of December 31‚ 2007 was $110.99. The stock market price on the same date was $75.49. We believe PepsiCo stock is undervalued. Three evaluation methods are used in evaluation process – ReOI ‚ AOIG‚ and DCF. We get same result on all three methods. Simple valuation method is also used‚ we reached a comparable result of $110.62. KEY DRIVER’S FORECAST WACC is forecasted at 7.32 using CAPM. In the last 5 years‚ PepsiCo maintained
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PepsiCo is a world leader in convenient snacks‚ foods‚ and beverages with revenues of $60 billion and more than 285‚000 employees (PepsiCo.com). PepsiCo manufactures‚ markets‚ and sells various foods‚ snacks‚ and carbonated and non-carbonated beverages worldwide. The company operates in four divisions: PepsiCo Americas Foods (PAF)‚ PepsiCo Americas Beverages (PAB)‚ PepsiCo Europe‚ PepsiCo Asia‚ Middle East and Africa (AMEA). PepsiCo owns some of the world ’s most popular brands‚ including Pepsi-Cola
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N04 HL P1 Q5 Payback Calculation Year Machine A $ Machine B $ 1 45‚000 25‚000 Part of 2 20‚000 (0.57 of 35‚000) 35‚000 Part of 3 - 25‚000 (0.45 of 55‚000) Investment 65‚000 85‚000 1 + 0.57 = 1.57 (Machine A has payback period of 1.57 years) 2 + 0.45 = 2.45 (Machine B has payback period of 2.45 years) Accounting Rate of Return Calculation Machine A $ Machine B $ Net Return 155‚000 205‚000 Total Return-Investment 155‚000 – 65‚000 = 90‚000 205‚000 – 85‚000 = 120‚000
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**What is NPV?** a) If the value of NPV is greater than 0‚ then the project is a go! In other words‚ it’s profitable and worth the risk. b) If the value of NPV is less than 0‚ then the project isn’t worth the risk and is a no-go. So NPV takes risk and reward into consideration‚ which is why we use it in the world of corporate finance and capital budgeting. **Example** In order for us to calculate NPV‚ let’s use the following example. Suppose we’d like to make 10% profit on a 3
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Pepsico operates in Pakistan through seven franchisees‚ none of which are publicly listed. The company declined to disclose revenue numbers‚ though it did claim that it is the largest food and Beverages Company in the country and has maintained that leading position since 1982. The largest listed food company in Pakistan is Nestle‚ which had revenues of more than Rs65 billion in 2011. Pepsi’s retail sales are assumed to be higher than that number. Despite‚ the franchise model‚ the company has invested
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