Acetyl chloride‚ CH3COCl‚ also known as ethanoyl chloride or acyl chloride‚ is an acid chloride derived from acetic acid. It belongs to the class of organic compounds called acyl halides. It is a colorless liquid. Acetyl chloride does not exist in nature‚ because contact with water would hydrolyze it into acetic acid and hydrogen chloride. In fact‚ if handled in open air it gives off white smoke owing to the hydrolysis from the moisture in the air. The "smoke" is actually small droplets of hydrochloric
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hydrogen fluoride molecules. KCl – potassium chloride is a metal halide salt. The bonding between potassium and chloride is an ionic bond. The potassium becomes a cation and the chloride an anion. The potassium end of the molecule becomes slightly positive and the other end slightly negative. Na – sodium contains metallic bonding. It has a high melting due to the bonding and has strong bonds. Each sodium atom is being touched by eight other sodium atoms and they all share electrons between the
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Each enzyme has it optimum temperature range at which it functions at an optimum efficiency. In this experiment‚ Rennin might have an optimum temperature of 37 degrees Celsius as it is found in the stomachs of young mammals. As the temperature is increased‚ the rate of reaction (time for milk to curdle) will also increase until the optimum temperature is reached (37 degrees). After reaching this set point‚ the activity of the enzyme will gradually begin to decrease and the rate of reaction will
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Potato Lab Background information: A hypertonic solution is a concentration that is higher than the solution. A Hypotonic solution is a concentration that is lower than the solution. An isotonic solution is a concentration and solution that is the same amount. Hypothesis question: What will happen if you put a potato in hypertonic solution? What will happen if you put a potato in hypotonic solution? What will happen if you put a potato in isotonic solution? Hypothesis statement: If you
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Sodium hydroxide‚ also known as caustic soda‚[2][3] or lye‚ is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula NaOH (also written as NaHO). It is a white solid‚ and is a highly caustic metallic base and alkali salt. It is available in pellets‚ flakes‚ granules‚ and as a 50% saturated solution.[citation needed] Sodium hydroxide is soluble in water‚ ethanol and methanol. This alkali is deliquescent and readily absorbs moisture and carbon dioxide in air. Sodium hydroxide is used in many industries
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Sodium is a mineral that is present only in small quantities in most natural foods‚ but salt is added‚ often in large amounts‚ in food processing and by cooks to enhance flavor. Sodium is the predominant ion in extra cellular fluid. Sodium (Na) is the predominant cation in extra cellular fluid and its concentration is under tight homeostatic control. Excess dietary sodium is excreted in the urine. The kidney very efficiently reabsorbs the mineral when intakes are low or losses are excessive. Sodium
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Part B: Practical Report The Effect of Temperature on Enzyme Activity Aim: To investigate how temperature effects the enzyme catalase. Hypothesis: If the temperature of water is increased then the enzyme will react quicker to form oxygen and water‚ when compared to cold water. Purpose: To design and conduct a plan of a practical about the effects of temperature on enzymatic activity with a partner. Introduction: An enzyme is a protein‚ which speeds up a specific chemical reaction without altering
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Lab 4. Volumetric Determination of Impure Sodium Carbonate (Na2CO3) Introduction: To determine the total amount of carbonate in unrefined sodium carbonate‚ soda ash‚ a titration is done using a standardized solution of HCl. Aqueous HCl is a strong acid and therefore almost completely disassociates into H+ and CL-. Therefore‚ when HCl is used in a titration‚ the H+ is the titrant. Carbonate in aqueous solution is able to accept a proton‚ i.e. it acts as a base. When carbonate accepts the H+ a bicarbonate
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of this lab is to determine an accurate time when the ice completely melts and the water starts to boil. The problem is which type of temperature change will result from heating ice to liquid‚ then boil (steam)? What will happen to the water after the boil? I hypothesise the water heats ice to liquid and then goes to simmer and boil. The independent variable is the hot plate changed to a burner itself. The dependent variable is what we are measuring is the time. The steps in the lab were to
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Different Temperatures Rowan Boreham and Cameron Matheson Introduction Panadol Rapid Soluble‚ is paracetamol based a medical drug that treats pain and discomfort associated with headache/tension headache‚ migraine‚ toothache‚ muscular aches‚ cold and flu symptoms‚ sore throat and menstrual pain (Medsafe‚ 2012). While there are other recognised sources of pain relief‚ Panadol has been widely recognized as a being of a high standard treatment for pain. There for the study of varying temperatures upon the
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