Introduction in Graph Theory (BASIC CONCEPTS) BASIC CONCEPTS We used decision trees in Unit DT and used them to study decision making. However‚ we did not look at their structure as trees. In fact‚ we didn’t even define a tree precisely. What is a tree? It is a particular type of graph‚ which brings us to the subject of this unit. What is a Graph? There are various types of graphs‚ each with its own definition. Unfortunately‚ some people apply the term “graph” rather loosely‚ so
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Poland mathematician by the name of Beniot B. Mandelbrot began the term fractals. Fractals originated from the Latin term fractus meaning broken or fractured. It is a series of self-similar images repeated; The Koch snowflake‚ the Mandelbrot set‚ the Julia set and the Box fractal are many examples. The idea of a fractal is a pattern of repetitive images of the entire picture. When magnified upon‚ the image continues to look the same and builds upon the whole picture. “A key characteristic of fractals
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in the study of mathematics. In many situations‚ there is mathematical function in which one quantity corresponds to another quantity according to some definite rule. A relation was defined as correspondence between two variables‚ x and y‚ or a set of ordered pairs (x‚y) where x is related to y. For instances‚ the price of a plot of land (y) is related to the number of square meters of land bought (x); the monthly wage (y) of an employee is related to the number of hours the employee worked
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Homework 5 - Solutions 1. Download the external file HW5-States.txt from the Blackboard. Read it into SAS. It contains the Statehood Order‚ State Name‚ and Statehood Date. Finish the following tasks. Calculate the days and years between the statehood date and the Independence Day (4th of July‚ 1776) for each state. For each state‚ what is its Bicentennial? Summarize the number of statehood for each month (January to December‚ ignore the year). Note: only one row is expected for each month for your
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are distinct from traditional RISC and CISC architectures implemented in current mass-market microprocessors. It is important to distinguish instruction-set architecture—the processor programming model—from implementation—the physical chip and its characteristics. VLIW microprocessors and superscalar implementations of traditional instruction sets share some characteristics—multiple execution units and the ability to execute multiple operations simultaneously. The techniques used to achieve high
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Introduction to 8085 programming model Introduction to 8085 instruction set All computers are based on the Turing Machine concept • In 1937‚ Alan Turing described this abstract idea of a computer • Turing Machines consist of: – A tape of infinite length with symbols printed in cells – A read-write head that can move along the tape to read and write symbols – A state from a finite set stored inside the machine – A finite set of instructions that translate the current state and the read symbol
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message in order to deliver it to all nodes in the network. A set of nodes form a Dominating Set (DS) if every node in the network is either in the set or has a neighbour in the set. A DS is called a Connected Dominating Set (CDS) if the sub-graph induced by its nodes is connected. Clearly‚ the forwarding nodes‚ together with the source node‚ form a CDS. On the other hand‚ any CDS can be used for broadcasting a message (only nodes in the set are required to forward). Therefore‚ the problems of finding
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64% as opposed to 63 or 65%. Different teachers would give different marks because the criteria is rarely so precise. The only time there will be such precision will be in subjects like Maths where there are a large number of questions that give a set number of marks. Any attempt to provide a more precise mark to an essay is not particularly useful. No because... less precision There is not less precision in a system with more possible marks it is simply an illusion. In practice how many
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presented in graphical form to make it more appealing and easily understandable by the users. Statistics can be descriptive or inferential. Descriptive statistics have to do with methods in a data set that utilizes numerical and graphical to look for patterns to summarize the information revealed in a data set‚ and to present the information in a convenient form. The four elements of descriptive statistical problems are the population or sample of interest‚ one or more variables (characteristics
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OLYMPIC TIN HỌC HUFLIT 2014 BÀI 11 (NC) UNION-FIND DISJOINT SETS THEORY In computing‚ a disjoint-set data structure‚ also called a union–find data structure or merge–find set‚ is a data structure that keeps track of a set of elements partitioned into a number of disjoint (nonoverlapping) subsets. It supports two useful operations: o Find: Determine which subset a particular element is in. Find typically returns an item from this set that serves as its "representative"; by comparing the result
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