largest 4 firms in an industry. Formula: CR4= Σ4i=1 si Calculation: (11‚834‚883 + 3‚845‚900 + 3‚696‚800 + 3‚650‚647) / 44‚582‚621 = 0.5165292996 = 0.516 (3dp) =51% Analysis: As the four firm concentration ratio is >50% this insinuates that this market structure is that of an oligopoly. Calculating the Herfindahl-Hirschman Index (HHI) Definition: The HHI is a concentration measure based on the sum of the squared market shares of all the firms in the industry. Formula:
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All these research found that job incumbents tend to experience improved job performance resulting in positive internal reinforcement. This positive reinforcement would then serve as an incentive to further enhance on their job performance. Past studies on job satisfaction also found significant relationships with employee turnover‚ absenteeism ‚ and organizational citizenship behavior (Organ & Ryan‚ 2008)‚ and performance and motivation (Ostroff‚ 2012). That is‚ job satisfaction is influenced by ‘motivating’
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PERFORMANCE EVALUATION Formal determination of an individual’s job-related actions and their outcomes within a particular position or setting. In financial trading‚ its objective is to assess the extent to which the individual added wealth to the firm and/or its clients‚ and whether his or her achievement was above or below or industry norms. also called performance. Performance appraisal is the procuring‚ analyzing and documenting of facts and information about an employee’s net worth to the organization
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www.elsevier.com/locate/smrv CLINICAL REVIEW Sleep loss‚ learning capacity and academic performance Giuseppe Curcioa‚Â Michele Ferraraa‚b‚ Luigi De Gennaroa a Department of Psychology‚ University of Rome ‘La Sapienza’‚ Rome‚ Italy Department of Internal Medicine and Public Health‚ University of L’Aquila‚ Rome‚ Italy b KEYWORDS Sleep deprivation; Learning; Memory; Academic performance; Neurocognitive functioning; Adolescents; Prefrontal cortex Summary At a time when several
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[Special Issue - July 2011] Employee Development and Its Affect on Employee Performance A Conceptual Framework Abdul Hameed Aamer Waheed Lecturer Management Sciences‚ COMSATS Institute of Information Technology Park Road‚ Islamabad‚ Pakistan E-mail: abdulhameed@comsats.edu.pk Abstract Employee is a key element of the organization. The success or failure of the organization depends on employee performance. Therefore‚ organizations are investing huge amount of money on employee development
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References: Frederick Herzberg. (2010). Human Relations Contributors‚ ()‚ . Retrieved from http://www.accel-team.com/human_relations/hrels_05_herzberg.html University of Phoenix. (2005). Leveraging Psychology to Improve Performance [Computer Software]. Retrieved from University of Phoenix‚ Simulation‚ PSY 428-Organizational Psychology website. University of Phoenix. (2009). Course Syllabus . Retrieved from University of Phoenix‚ PSY 428: Organization Psychology website
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Chapter: 1.0 Introduction A performance appraisal‚ employee appraisal‚ performance review‚ or (career) development discussion is a method by which the job performance of an employee is evaluated (generally in terms of quality‚ quantity‚ cost‚ and time) typically by the corresponding manager or supervisor. A performance appraisal is a part of guiding and managing career development. It is the process of obtaining‚ analyzing‚ and recording information about the relative worth of an employee to the
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Phase III: Performance and Management A. Policy For Recognizing Employee Contributions The purpose of this report is to use the compensation system we previously developed in Phases I and II to pay people‚ develop plans that reward performance‚ add benefits into the mix‚ and evaluate these results. First we will look at performance-based-pay as a policy for recognizing employee contributions. Performance-based-pay is a pay plan that varies with some measure of individual or organizational performance
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Enhancing Performance From The Top Down Organizational leadership from companies far and wide has spent millions‚ if not hundreds of millions of dollars trying to develop the perfect method for the enhancement of performance within his/her organization. Human resource (HR) managers have been directed to come up with incentive packages that might include trips‚ concert and sporting event tickets‚ spot bonuses‚ and at-a-boys that company leaders feel should and will encourage employees to increase
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Multidisciplinary Research Vol.2 Issue 6‚ June 2012‚ ISSN 2231 5780 PERFORMANCE APPRAISAL AS EMPLOYEE MOTIVATION MECHANISM IN SELECTED FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS IN KUMASI‚ ASHANTI REGION OF GHANA DR. KOFI OSEI AKUOKO* *Vincent de Paul Kanwetuu‚ Department of Sociology and Social Work‚ Faculty of Social Sciences‚ College of Art and Social Work‚ Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology‚ Kumasi‚ Ghana. ABSTRACT Performance appraisal system (PAS) has been viewed by academics and human resource
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