PERICLES’ FUNERAL ORATION PERICLES’ FUNERAL ORATION THUCYDIDES (c. 470–c. 400 BC) During a twenty-year exile from Athens which he incurred as the leader of a failed military campaign in 423‚ ucydides spent his time writing a history of the Peloponnesian War. In the first book of his History‚ he tells us about his method and purpose: Of the events of the war I have not ventured to speak from any chance information‚ nor according to any notion of my own; I have described nothing but what I either
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Essay Topic 4: Augustus made significant urban and architectural interventions on the city of Rome. Choose three buildings/monuments related to his reign and discuss how they reflect his impact. What representational messages were they designed to convey? Many architectural and urban forms and elements that we witness today are largely influenced by how buildings were design and laid in Rome. Not only in terms of its external design that brought upon important messages but the design of interiors
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One of the overall points that Augustus makes certain he conveys in the Res Gestae is that above all of his accomplishments‚ he was cared for by the people of his empire. The first part of the document addresses his various accolades of which were awarded to him by the senate and other such organizations of power. When pointing out that the Res Gestae was the official recording and collection of Augustus’ life by the man himself‚ the extent of his want to be remembered in a positive light is revealed
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Portrait of Augustus as General Roman portraiture was one of the most significant periods in the development of portrait art. The characteristics of Roman portraitures are more modest‚ realistic‚ idealized‚ and natural. Also‚ the body compositions‚ muscles and facial expressions of portraits and sculptures are more advanced. Many roman portraits are directly linked to specific individuals‚ such as gods and emperors. They were often used for propaganda purposes and included ideological messages
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After Pericles’ death‚ Thucydides foreshadows the plight of all later leaders‚ noting they were unable to rule the people as Pericles had‚ instead they “managed all these affairs in the opposite way” and “resorted to handing over affairs to the people’s pleasure” (2.65)‚ resulting in frequent missteps. Although this is presented to the reader‚ they still search for hope as the later leaders struggle to find the perfect balance of rationality and wisdom Pericles had achieved. There are frequent similarities
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expulsion of the Alcmaeonidae family including Pericles and the retraction of the Megarian Decree‚ threatening war if the demands were not met. The obvious purpose of these proposals was the instigation of a confrontation between Pericles and the people; this event‚ indeed‚ would come about a few years later. At that time‚ the Athenians unhesitatingly followed Pericles’ instructions. In the first legendary oration Thucydides puts in his mouth‚ Pericles advised the Athenians not to yield to their opponents’
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How Art and Literature are used in an Imperial World The Roman Empire was filled with beautiful art and insightful literature‚ but none knew how to use this literature to their advantage like Gaius Octavian Thurinus also know as Augustus. Augustus the most influential people in all of Rome’s history and was responsible for turning Rome into an empire. Octavian was not directly linked to royalty‚ but he proved his loyalty to his uncle Julius Caesar. Caesar and Octavian had a close relationship and
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the case during the rule of Augustus in Rome. Debate 3 was a heated battle of discourse over the viability and morality of Augustus enacting censorship and rewriting parts of Roman history. Propaganda has been used across centuries and continents to sway the populace of a ruling nation into a certain belief pattern. Censorship also has been enacted to keep the people from breeding discontent towards those in power. One side of the debate praised the actions of Augustus and was in favor of permitting
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Deeds of the Divine Augustus • Trade and Currency The Roman currency is sestertius (HS). Augustus paid to the Roman plebs‚ HS 300 per man from his father’s will and in his own name‚ he gave HS 400 from the spoils of war when he was consul for the fifth time (29 BCE); furthermore‚ he again paid out a public gift of HS 400 per man in his tenth consulate (24 BCE) from his own patrimony; and in his twelfth year of tribunician power (12-11 BCE)‚ he gave HS 400 per man for the third time. And
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Following Augustus’ establishment of the Principate‚ emperors became a key topic for Roman historians and biographers due to their position at the heart of politics and the state. With this natural emphasis on emperors‚ an intriguing question is whether writers conceived of and presented an idea of ‘bad emperors’ in their works. Meanwhile‚ owing to the importance of such ancient accounts for understanding Rome and its rulers during the imperial period‚ it is vital to assess their reliability with
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